Table 2.
Characteristics Summary of Randomized Controlled Trials Examining How Traditional Chinese Exercises Affect Low Back Pain in Adults Over 40 Years of Age, Database Search from Inception to 2024.
| Author | Sample size | Mean age | Type | Duration | Intervention |
Observation indicators | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Experimental group intervention | Control group intervention | ||||||
| Sun et al., 2021 |
N = 70 Control group = 25 Experimental group = 18 Dropout = 27 |
Control Group = 71.44 ± 4.28 Experimental group = 70.71 ± 3.89 |
Seated Baduanjin | 24 Weeks | Control group modality + seated Baduanjin (single exercise duration within 15 min, adhere to every other day regular morning and evening exercise once, ensure exercise more than 20 times in 4 weeks, continuous intervention for 6 months) | Optimize lifestyle interventions + medications | VAS1, Modified ODI2, Bone Mineral Density |
| Li et al., 2022 |
N = 80 Control group = 39 Experimental Group = 37 Dropout = 4 |
Control Group = 70.74 + 6.96 Experimental group = 68.86 + 4.63 |
Baduanjin | 12 weeks | Control group modality + Baduanjin (45 min/d, 4 d/week, 12 weeks) | Routine health education for chronic low back pain | VAS, Modified ODI |
| Fang et al., 2015 |
N = 72 Control group = 31 Experimental Group =32 Dropout = 9 |
Control Group = 53.88 ± 14.17 Experimental group = 52.91 ± 15.80 |
Five-animal exercises | 24 weeks | Five-animal exercises Program (Patients can generally practice the whole set, or choose to practice 1–2 of the pieces. The exercise intensity is controlled at 60 % ∼ 70 % of the maximum heart rate. The time of each exercise is controlled at 30–60 min, 3–4 times a week for 6 months). | Rehabilitation Gymnastics (using the rehabilitation gymnastics program from McKenzie Gymnastics Au, with each session lasting 30–60 min, 3–4 times a week for 6 months) | Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, lumbar and abdominal muscle group mechanical performance indicator |
| Chen et al., 2023 |
N = 74 Control group = 37 Experimental group = 37 |
Control Group = 68. 18 ± 8.79 Experimental group = 67.89 ± 8.57 |
water Tai Chi | 8 weeks | Water Tai Chi Training (30 min, including 5 min each for warm-up and relaxation. 3 times/w. 8 w/w consecutive, 8 w for 1 class) | Core muscle training program (30 min/times. 3 times/w, continuous training for 8 w, 8 w for 1 treatment course) | Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire, sleep diary, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index |
| Ding and Wang, 2014 |
N = 40 Control Group = 18 Experimental group = 22 |
Control Group = 60.89 + 4.92 Experimental group = 61.05 + 4.66 |
Vertical Baduanjin | 12 Weeks | Vertical Baduanjin Training (5 reps/w, 40 min/rep, workout time is 12 w) | Take ibuprofen extended-release capsules for pain | VAS, modified ODI, lumbar lordosis, sacral tilt angle, lumbar mobility |
| Wang et al., 2017 |
N = 119 Control Group = 45 Experimental group = 45 Dropout = 29 |
Control Group = 66.55 + 3.55 Experimental group = 66.72 + 3.21 |
Baduanjin | 12 weeks | Control group modality + Baduanjin (2–3 sessions of Baduanjin exercise each early in the morning and after dinner, after a moderate amount of food and drink, and after emptying urine and feces) | Magnetic heat treatment + interferential electric therapy (the treatment time is 20 min, once a day, 3–4 times a week, 4 weeks for a course of treatment, a total of 3 courses) | VAS, Roland-Morris Questionnaire, intra-abdominal pressure test |
| Liu et al., 2021 |
N = 120 Control group = 53 Experimental Group = 47 Dropout = 20 |
Control Group = 60.92 + 7.52 Experimental group = 58.34 + 4.89 |
Baduanjin | 12 Weeks | Control group: Treatment + Baduanjin (practiced five times a week for at least 30 min each time). (See the 2003 edition of the State General Administration of Sport for the specific movements of Baduanjin). | The control group was guided by professionals for recovery treatment (included medication and aerobic exercise. Aerobic exercise includes walking, jogging, cycling) | VAS, modified ODI |
| Zou et al., 2019 |
N = 28 Control group = 13 Experimental group = 15 |
Control Group = 60.92 + 7.52 Experimental group = 60.67 + 2.58 |
Tai Chi | 12 weeks | Modified Chens Tai Chi movements (60 min per session, three times a week for 12 weeks) | Control Group Maintains Normal Daily Activities | VAS, lower extremity neuromuscular function indicators |
| Yan et al., 2022 |
N = 20 Control group = 10 Experimental group = 10 |
Control Group = 70.00 + 1.26 Experimental group = 68.00 + 1.15 |
Tai Chi | 6 weeks | Tai Chi (practice Tai Chi 3 times a week for 6 weeks. Each session lasts 60 min) | Control Group Maintains Normal Daily Activities | VAS, spatio-temporal gait measures, dynamic balance measures |
| Teut et al., 2016 |
N = 115 Control Group = 57 Experimental group = 58 |
Control Group = 72.6 ± 6.0 Experimental group = 72.4 ± 5.7 |
Qigong | 12 Weeks | Qigong Group (12 sessions of 90 min for 3 months) | Control group receives no additional intervention | VAS, Short Form −36, depression scale, self-efficacy, grip strength test |
| Liu et al., 2019 |
N = 28 Control Group = 13 Experimental group = 15 |
Control Group = 60.67 ± 2.58 Experimental group = 58.13 ± 5.38 |
Chens Tai Chi | 12 Weeks | Chens Tai Chi Chuan (60 min three times a week for 12 weeks) | Control group receives no additional intervention | VAS, knee and ankle joint position sense |
1. VAS: Visual Analogue Scale.
2. ODI: Oswestry Disability Index.