Table 3.
Main Outcomes Summary From Randomized Controlled Trials Examining How Traditional Chinese Exercises Affect Low Back Pain in Adults Over 40 Years of Age, Database Search from Inception to 2024.
| Author | Sample size | Duration | Main outcomes | Experimental group (Mean ± SD) |
Control group (Mean ± SD) |
p-value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| pre | post | pre | post | ||||||
| Sun et al., 2021 | N = 70 | 24 Weeks | VAS1 (cm) | 5.18 ± 1.24 | 1.22 ± 0.92 | 4.99 ± 1.47 | 1.96 ± 1.03 | 0.02 | |
| ODI2 | 21.45 ± 5.30 | 10.83 ± 2.64 | 23.08 ± 5.01 | 12.67 ± 2.79 | 0.03 | ||||
| Li et al., 2022 | N = 80 | 12 weeks | VAS (mm) | 49.19 ± 5.94 | 30.51 ± 7.42 | 48.18 ± 6.40 | 36.59 ± 9.77 | P<0.01 | |
| ODI | 14.62 ± 2.81 | 10.38 ± 3.16 | 15.10 ± 4.26 | 14.00 ± 6.39 | P<0.01 | ||||
| Fang et al., 2015 | N = 72 | 24 weeks | SF-MPQ3 | PRI4 | 14.32 ± 6.03 | 1.31 ± 1.73 | 14.36 ± 6.54 | 2.86 ± 3.52 | P<0.05 |
| VAS (cm) | 5.22 ± 1.29 | 1.25 ± 1.34 | 4.95 ± 1.93 | 2.05 ± 1.92 | P<0.05 | ||||
| PPI5 | 2.74 ± 0.93 | 0.67 ± 0.61 | 2.80 ± 1.06 | 1.14 ± 1.07 | P<0.05 | ||||
| Composite Score | 22.28 ± 7.13 | 3.19 ± 3.29 | 22.12 ± 8.16 | 6.05 ± 6.09 | P<0.05 | ||||
| Chen et al., 2023 | N = 74 | 8 weeks | SF-MPQ | PRI | 12.25 ± 2.30 | 6.18 ± 1.59 | 12.46 ± 2.25 | 8.21 ± 3.57 | P<0.05 |
| VAS (cm) | 6.87 ± 1.92 | 2.58 ± 0.42 | 6.83 ± 1.83 | 3.57 ± 0.02 | P<0.05 | ||||
| PPI | 3.80 ± 1.24 | 1.27 ± 0.35 | 3.79 ± 1.33 | 1.68 ± 0.37 | P<0.05 | ||||
| Ding and Wang, 2014 | N = 40 | 12 Weeks | VAS (cm) | 5.56 ± 1.13 | 2.90 ± 0.64 | 5.36 ± 1.11 | 3.94 ± 0.86 | P<0.01 | |
| ODI | 32.27 ± 2.67 | 22.14 ± 5.39 | 31.61 ± 4.27 | 27.06 ± 3.93 | P<0.01 | ||||
| Wang et al., 2017 | N = 119 | 12 weeks | VAS (cm) | 6.45 ± 1.05 | 1.66 ± 0.57 | 6.48 ± 0.94 | 3.06 ± 0.88 | P<0.01 | |
| Roland-Morris Questionnaire | 13.90 ± 2.17 | 4.33 ± 0.57 | 14.10 ± 2.04 | 6.46 ± 1.40 | P<0.01 | ||||
| Liu et al., 2021 | N = 120 | 12 Weeks | VAS (cm) | 6.06 ± 1.13 | 2.46 ± 1.45 | 6.34 ± 1.16 | 3.77 ± 1.33 | P<0.01 | |
| ODI | 27.38 ± 6.97 | 17.20 ± 7.73 | 28.40 ± 7.66 | 25.00 ± 6.94 | P<0.01 | ||||
| Zou et al., 2019 | N = 28 | 12 weeks | VAS (cm) | 5.67 ± 0.81 | 3.47 ± 0.99 | 5.85 ± 0.89 | 5.85 ± 0.8 | P<0.01 | |
| Yan et al., 2022 | N = 20 | 6 weeks | VAS (cm) | 5.50 ± 1.35 | 4.40 ± 0.97 | 5.40 ± 1.17 | 5.50 ± 1.08 | P<0.05 | |
| Teut et al., 2016 | N = 115 | 12 Weeks | VAS (mm) | 50.6 ± 19.5 | 34.14 (95 % CI:28.51–39.78) | 50.6 ± 21.3 | 41.25 (95 % CI:36.07–46.42) | P = 0.06 | |
| Liu et al., 2019 | N = 28 | 12 Weeks | VAS (cm) | 5.67 ± 0.81 | 3.47 ± 0.99 | 5.85 ± 0.89 | 5.85 ± 0.8 | P<0.01 | |
P-values were determined by the authors of the original studies, who employed a range of statistical methodologies to do so. These methods include, but are not limited to, t-tests and multiple linear regression analysis, among others.
1. VAS: Visual Analogue Scale.
2. ODI: Oswestry Disability Index.
3. SF-MPQ: Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire.
4. RPI:Pain Rating Index.
5. PPI:Present Pain Intensity.