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. 2025 Apr 24;14:RP105576. doi: 10.7554/eLife.105576

Appendix 2—table 1. Metabolic risk score beta (effect size) values for all UK Biobank participants (N=117,698).

Metabolites Beta-values
(Intercept) –3.23
Total Cholesterol 548.50
Cholesterol in Large HDL 520.19
Total Lipids in VLDL 408.18
Triglycerides in Chylomicrons and Extremely Large VLDL 385.93
Cholesterol in Chylomicrons and Extremely Large VLDL 376.00
Cholesteryl Esters in Very Large VLDL 373.35
Triglycerides in Very Large VLDL 354.40
Omega-6 Fatty Acids 350.81
Free Cholesterol in Large LDL 343.95
Phospholipids in VLDL 326.74
Free Cholesterol in Very Large VLDL 319.33
Total Lipids in HDL 313.29
Concentration of LDL Particles 312.20
Cholesterol in Large VLDL 279.70
Cholesteryl Esters in IDL 258.77
Cholesterol in Small LDL 253.52
Apolipoprotein B 234.57
Cholesteryl Esters in Very Small VLDL 230.70
Total Triglycerides 225.33
Total Cholesterol Minus HDL-C 217.90
Valine 206.11
Cholesterol in Very Large HDL 197.87
Triglycerides in HDL 191.35
Phospholipids in Small LDL 191.15
Cholesterol in Medium HDL 185.32
Phospholipids in Large LDL 178.33
Phospholipids in HDL 177.36
Cholesteryl Esters in Small VLDL 175.91
LDL Cholesterol 162.05
Total Lipids in Medium HDL 145.96
Free Cholesterol in Medium LDL 142.98
Total Fatty Acids 140.65
Leucine 135.88
Triglycerides in Large VLDL 132.48
Cholesteryl Esters in Large LDL 131.14
Remnant Cholesterol (Non-HDL, Non-LDL -Cholesterol) 125.15
Cholesteryl Esters in Medium VLDL 123.31
Phospholipids in Large HDL 118.13
Omega-3 Fatty Acids 113.37
Cholesteryl Esters in Small LDL 102.21
Phospholipids in Very Large VLDL 97.43
Free Cholesterol in HDL 96.54
Triglycerides in VLDL 95.51
Free Cholesterol in IDL 91.57
Phospholipids in Very Large HDL 91.28
Free Cholesterol in Small LDL 87.41
Isoleucine 85.64
Phospholipids in Chylomicrons and Extremely Large VLDL 72.54
Phospholipids in Medium LDL 67.41
Triglycerides in Very Small VLDL 66.01
VLDL Cholesterol 63.40
Phospholipids in Very Small VLDL 62.51
Triglycerides in Small LDL 61.15
Triglycerides in Large LDL 59.97
Free Cholesterol in VLDL 54.83
Free Cholesterol in Very Small VLDL 53.44
Cholesteryl Esters in Medium LDL 50.65
Phospholipids in IDL 48.84
Cholesterol in Large LDL 44.57
Free Cholesterol in Small VLDL 43.22
Concentration of Very Small VLDL Particles 38.34
Concentration of Small VLDL Particles 36.53
Cholesteryl Esters in HDL 33.26
Concentration of Medium VLDL Particles 33.22
Phospholipids in Large VLDL 32.50
Concentration of Small HDL Particles 29.93
Cholesteryl Esters in Small HDL 28.19
Total Lipids in Small HDL 25.46
Cholesteryl Esters in LDL 21.34
Concentration of Large HDL Particles 18.15
Triglycerides in Medium LDL 18.09
Concentration of Medium HDL Particles 17.63
Concentration of Large VLDL Particles 15.77
Free Cholesterol in Medium VLDL 7.93
Concentration of Very Large VLDL Particles 6.13
Concentration of Chylomicrons and Extremely Large VLDL Particles 5.75
Total Lipids in Medium LDL 3.27
Phosphoglycerides 2.76
Triglycerides in Small VLDL 2.13
Apolipoprotein A1 0.91
Concentration of Very Large HDL Particles 0.49
Sphingomyelins 0.15
Linoleic Acid 0.10
Glutamine 0.087
Glycoprotein Acetyls 0.085
Average Diameter for VLDL Particles 0.082
Acetoacetate 0.047
Average Diameter for HDL Particles 0.039
Acetone 0.036
Tyrosine 0.033
Glycine 0.030
Degree of Unsaturation 0.022
Docosahexaenoic Acid 0.012
Glucose 0.009
3-Hydroxybutyrate –0.004
Albumin –0.006
Phenylalanine –0.008
Creatinine –0.016
Histidine –0.029
Pyruvate –0.057
Citrate –0.073
Alanine –0.083
Lactate –0.10
Average Diameter for LDL Particles –0.15
Acetate –0.21
Phosphatidylcholines –0.81
Clinical LDL Cholesterol –0.90
Total Cholines –2.18
Concentration of HDL Particles –6.05
Triglycerides in IDL –6.10
Triglycerides in Very Large HDL –8.37
Free Cholesterol in Small HDL –10.78
HDL Cholesterol –13.62
Phospholipids in Small VLDL –19.05
Triglycerides in Medium VLDL –19.15
Total Lipids in IDL –25.11
Cholesterol in Very Small VLDL –30.03
Free Cholesterol in Very Large HDL –30.42
Cholesterol in Medium VLDL –32.45
Phospholipids in Medium VLDL –34.88
Cholesteryl Esters in Large VLDL –37.16
Cholesterol in Small HDL –38.44
Cholesterol in Medium LDL –39.45
Concentration of IDL Particles –42.85
Triglycerides in Large HDL –43.16
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids –48.49
Phospholipids in Small HDL –48.88
Total Concentration of Lipoprotein Particles –53.11
Saturated Fatty Acids –56.20
Concentration of Small LDL Particles –62.36
Cholesteryl Esters in Chylomicrons and Extremely Large VLDL –71.85
Triglycerides in LDL –78.07
Free Cholesterol in Medium HDL –78.70
Cholesteryl Esters in Very Large HDL –86.11
Total Lipids in Lipoprotein Particles –88.30
Triglycerides in Small HDL –89.86
Phospholipids in LDL –97.47
Phospholipids in Medium HDL –103.39
Triglycerides in Medium HDL –103.93
Free Cholesterol in Large HDL –110.51
Free Cholesterol in Chylomicrons and Extremely Large VLDL –114.90
Free Cholesterol in Large VLDL –115.30
Cholesterol in Small VLDL –119.66
Concentration of Medium LDL Particles –126.33
Total Lipids in Small VLDL –139.47
Concentration of VLDL Particles –148.00
Total Lipids in LDL –155.83
Total Lipids in Medium VLDL –175.12
Total Lipids in Very Large HDL –195.68
Total Lipids in Large LDL –197.23
Cholesteryl Esters in Medium HDL –198.31
Cholesteryl Esters in Large HDL –234.91
Total Phospholipids in Lipoprotein Particles –286.84
Concentration of Large LDL Particles –294.73
Cholesterol in IDL –300.70
Total Free Cholesterol –331.88
Cholesteryl Esters in VLDL –359.42
Total Lipids in Very Small VLDL –360.23
Total Lipids in Large HDL –375.09
Total Concentration of Branched-Chain Amino Acids (Leucine + Isoleucine + Valine) –411.21
Total Lipids in Large VLDL –432.35
Free Cholesterol in LDL –454.32
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids –460.67
Cholesterol in Very Large VLDL –518.35
Total Lipids in Small LDL –561.42
Total Lipids in Very Large VLDL –716.90
Total Lipids in Chylomicrons and Extremely Large VLDL –799.17
Total Esterified Cholesterol –838.60