Table 5.

Example of an analytical codebook

Code	Definition	Illustrative Quotes
Mental/behavioral health - Residents	Mental/behavioral health outcomes for residents, such as depression, anxiety, and substance use. Includes mental health outcomes due to or worsened by COVID and regardless of COVID (i.e. pre-pandemic). Refers to resident and/or community mental health issues/patterns/burdens. Additionally includes suicidality and related mental health issues.	“I’ve seen a lot of mental health issues already beforehand, but I think with COVID, all if it elevated to a completely different level.” CHWIP002 “Social isolation and depression and anxiety is very big in our community, that if we continue to do online and continue to do this, that our elders are going to be getting into more and more of a depression.” CHWIP001
Grief	Grief related to the loss of loved ones during the pandemic due to complications with COVID	“I think one of the things that really hit hard was the amount of funerals that happened. And I think that was, like, a physical sign that this was affecting our communities.” CHWIP002 “And right now what we are seeing in the kids and elderly is a lot of anxiety, a lot of depression or stress. And it could be the aftermath that resulted from Covid, due to all the emotions they went through. They lost their families, mother died, father died.” CHWFG001
Stigma	Stigma related to having COVID, appearance, social status, or stigma against mental health (e.g. not believing mental health exists or against seeking mental health help).	“There’s serious stigma for mental wellness, for depression, for substance abuse, for spousal abuse, for all of those things. Like, most people don’t talk about that. And so, trying to have a conversation or do education around that is tough.” CHWIP001
COVID hardships	Stressor: Losses or challenges that residents experienced during COVID pandemic, including financial hardship, job loss, closing small businesses owned by residents, loss of loved ones, food insecurity, housing expenses or instability, housing density, occupational hazards (e.g., working in health care or food industry), “no safety net” (CHWIP004), barriers to cultural practices, navigating technology or internet demands/injustices, domestic violence.	“...In terms of financially, a lot of our families, young families, adults, lost jobs because of COVID. They’ve lost family members because of COVID, so these are all different challenges that they’ve had to go through during that time.” CHWIP001 “The unemployment part also came, a lot of unemployed people, coming to us, looking for a job. Where could we tell them, or how could we help them get a job? We didn’t have anything to do, a direct way to help them.” CHWIP009