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. 2025 Apr 11;16:1575613. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1575613

Table 2.

Detailed attack data of NMOSD patients, categorized by age at disease onset.

Available n NMOSD LO-NMOSD EO-NMOSD p-value1
ARR, mean (SD)2 211
Total attacks 0.53 (0.44) 0.51 (0.51) 0.54 (0.40) 0.352
Myelitis attacks 0.36 (0.31) 0.37 (0.28) 0.35 (0.31) 0.275
Optic neuritis attacks 0.27 (0.36) 0.35 (0.62) 0.25 (0.26) 0.690
Optic neuritis and myelitis attacks 0.11 (0.07) 0.15 (0.10) 0.11 (0.06) 0.240
Monophasic course, n (%) 340 27 (7.9%) 13 (12.3%) 14 (6.0%) 0.047
Time to second attack, months (median, range) 310 11.5 (1-491) 8 (1-220) 12.5 (1-491) 0.104
RAW3, median (IQR)
RAW at all clinical attacks4 184 1.5 (0-3) 3 (1.5-6) 0.5 (0-2) <0.001
RAW5 at onset 94 3.0 (2-5) 4.0 (2.5-6.5) 2.5 (1.5-3) <0.001
IVMP therapy6, n (%) 12546
IVMP alone 1014 (80.9%) 208 (72.2%) 806 (83.4%) <0.001
IVMP with PE/IA 240 (19.1%) 80 (27.8%) 160 (16.5%) <0.001
Total dose of IVMP mg/attack, mean (SD) 775 5192 (3145) 6052 (3563) 4961 (2984) <0.001
Apheresis therapy, n (%) 338
Plasma exchange 258 (76.3%) 70 (72.9%) 188 (77.7%) 0.505
Immunoadsorption 53 (15.6%) 18 (18.8%) 35 (14.5%) 0.505
Plasma exchange + immunoadsorption 27 (7.9%) 8 (8.3%) 19 (7.8%) 0.505
Apheresis therapy cycles, mean (SD) 287 6.75 (2.5) 6.66 (2.46) 6.79 (2.52) 0.592

1Bold values indicate statistically significant results. 2Annualized attack rate (Number of total attacks divided by disease duration), symptom specific stratification. Only patients with at least 12 month of follow-up time were included. 3RAW: EDSS difference between basal EDSS before attack and EDSS ≥ 90 days after attack, if no further attack occurred. 4Median basal EDSS before attack: EO-NMOSD = 3.5 and LO-NMOSD = 3.0. 5RAW after disease onset.6Intravenous methylprednisolone and apheresis therapy (plasma exchange and/or immunoadsorption), subgroup specific for late- and early-onset. 61254 attacks from 199 (67.9%) EO-NMOSD and 107 (69.9%) LO-NMOSD patients. Due to missing data, detailed analysis of 200 attacks was not possible.

NMOSD, Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder; LO, late-onset; EO, early-onset; EDSS, Expanded Disability Status Scale; ARR, Annualized Attack Rate; PE, Plasmaexchange; IA,Immunoabsorption; IVMP, Intravenous methylprednisolone pulse; IQR, interquartile range; SD, standard deviation; mg, milligram; RAW, relapse associated worsening.