TABLE 2.
Regional variation and trends in modern contraceptive use among married non-pregnant women aged 15–49 years by selected characteristics in 2000, 2005, 2011, 2016, and 2019 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys (EDHS) (N = 36,969).
| Characteristics | EDHS 2000 | EDHS 2005 | EDHS 2011 | EDHS 2016 | EDHS 2019 | Percentage point difference | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 1 (2011–2000) | Phase 2 (2019–2011) | Total (2019–2000) | ||||||
| Age category | ||||||||
| 15–24 | 5.2 | 15.3 | 33.4 | 43.8 | 54.7 | 28.2 | 21.3 | 49.5 |
| 25–34 | 9.2 | 17.5 | 34.0 | 44.0 | 52.9 | 24.8 | 18.9 | 43.7 |
| 35–49 | 6.5 | 13.6 | 22.4 | 30.9 | 32.4 | 15.9 | 10.0 | 25.9 |
| Women’s education level | ||||||||
| No education | 4.2 | 11.0 | 23.5 | 33.8 | 35.7 | 19.3 | 12.2 | 31.5 |
| Primary | 14.8 | 25.1 | 37.7 | 44.7 | 54.2 | 22.9 | 16.5 | 39.4 |
| Secondary | 35.7 | 48.9 | 57.3 | 59.5 | 62.9 | 21.6 | 5.6 | 27.2 |
| Higher | 51.0 | 44.2 | 63.2 | 55.6 | 69.6 | 12.2 | 6.3 | 18.6 |
| Religion | ||||||||
| Orthodox | 8.8 | 20.5 | 35.5 | 48.0 | 52.2 | 26.7 | 16.7 | 43.4 |
| Protestant | 5.2 | 14.0 | 30.6 | 46.8 | 52.8 | 25.4 | 22.2 | 47.6 |
| Muslim | 6.0 | 10.0 | 21.6 | 24.6 | 30.9 | 15.6 | 9.3 | 24.9 |
| Other religion | 3.5 | 9.2 | 16.9 | 24.4 | 50.0 | 13.4 | 33.1 | 46.5 |
| Total number of children | ||||||||
| None (no child) | 3.5 | 8.2 | 23.9 | 36.7 | 30.8 | 20.4 | 6.9 | 27.3 |
| 1–4 | 7.4 | 16.9 | 34.7 | 45.6 | 54.8 | 27.3 | 20.1 | 47.4 |
| >=5 | 7.7 | 14.9 | 22.2 | 29.3 | 34.1 | 14.5 | 11.9 | 26.4 |
| Heard FP message via media | ||||||||
| No | 4.7 | 10.9 | 23.7 | 36.0 | Na | 19.0 | Na | Na |
| Yes | 21.1 | 28.7 | 41.4 | 47.8 | Na | 20.3 | Na | Na |
| Women work status | ||||||||
| No | 6.5 | 13.6 | 25.5 | 36.4 | Na | 19.0 | Na | Na |
| Yes | 7.7 | 21.0 | 36.9 | 45.5 | Na | 29.2 | Na | Na |
| Region | ||||||||
| Tigray | 9.9 | 18.3 | 23.1 | 38.0 | 41.9 | 13.2 | 18.8 | 32.0 |
| Afar | 8.5 | 6.7 | 10.3 | 12.6 | 15.0 | 1.8 | 4.7 | 6.5 |
| Amhara | 7.4 | 16.9 | 35.0 | 50.8 | 53.5 | 27.6 | 18.5 | 46.1 |
| Oromia | 5.0 | 14.6 | 27.6 | 31.7 | 44.2 | 22.6 | 16.6 | 39.2 |
| Somali | 2.3 | 3.2 | 3.7 | 1.7 | 4.3 | 1.4 | 0.6 | 2.0 |
| Ben-Gumz | 10.0 | 11.6 | 30.1 | 32.0 | 42.1 | 20.1 | 12.0 | 32.1 |
| SNNPR | 5.8 | 13.4 | 26.3 | 44.9 | 50.3 | 20.5 | 24.0 | 44.5 |
| Gambela | 13.5 | 18.3 | 35.0 | 38.6 | 37.1 | 21.5 | 2.1 | 23.6 |
| Harari | 21.4 | 32.6 | 31.9 | 33.6 | 36.6 | 10.5 | 4.7 | 15.2 |
| Addis Ababa | 37.2 | 45.8 | 60.2 | 53.0 | 56.1 | 23.0 | −4.1 | 18.9 |
| Dire Dawa | 26.5 | 33.7 | 30.9 | 31.1 | 35.4 | 4.4 | 4.5 | 8.9 |
| Place of residence | ||||||||
| Urban | 33.1 | 43.0 | 53.2 | 54.5 | 53.2 | 20.1 | 0.0 | 20.1 |
| Rural | 3.7 | 12.2 | 24.6 | 36.3 | 42.9 | 20.8 | 18.3 | 39.2 |
| Ethiopia | 7.2 | 15.5 | 29.6 | 39.2 | 45.7 | 22.4 | 16.1 | 38.5 |
Note: FP: family planning; SNNPR, southern nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region; Other religion: Catholic, traditional religions, and other unspecified religions.