Table 2.

Discriminant validity result—Fornell-Larcker criterion.

	AI dependency	AI literacy	AI trust	Collaboration	Communication	Critical thinking	Creative thinking	Problem-solving	Self-confidence
AI dependency	0.806
AI literacy	0.643	0.762
AI trust	0.633	0.744	0.840
Collaboration	− 0.752	− 0.719	− 0.710	0.802
Communication	− 0.734	− 0.788	− 0.778	0.796	0.816
Critical thinking	− 0.767	− 0.715	− 0.805	0.724	0.803	0.826
Creative thinking	− 0.744	− 0.696	− 0.786	0.704	0.781	0.812	0.804
Problem− solving	− 0.756	− 0.706	− 0.796	0.715	0.793	0.824	0.802	0.817
Self− confidence	− 0.728	− 0.683	− 0.773	0.791	0.767	0.797	0.776	0.787	0.793