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. 2025 Apr 24;74(4):001991. doi: 10.1099/jmm.0.001991

Table 4. ESCMID 2021 - Severity of C. difficile infection [32].

Non-severe WBC count of ≤15×109 l−1 and a serum creatinine level ≤50% above baseline, and core body temperature at presentation ≤38.5 °C. No imaging features of severity.
Severe Characterized by one of the following factors at presentation: fever, i.e. core body temperature >38.5 °C, marked leukocytosis, i.e. leucocyte count >15×109 l−1, and rise in serum creatinine, i.e. >50% above the baseline. Additional supporting factors, when available, are distension of the large intestine, peri-colonic fat stranding or colonic wall thickening (including low-attenuation mural thickening) at imaging.
Severe-complicated (or fulminant) Defined by the presence of one of the following factors that needs to be attributed to CDI: hypotension, septic shock, elevated serum lactate, ileus, toxic megacolon, bowel perforation or any fulminant course of disease (i.e. rapid deterioration of the patient).