Table 1 |.
Model covariates stratified by low, middle and high (tertiles) for the pregnancy western dietary pattern, in children who were clinically assessed for neurodevelopmental disorders
| Western dietary pattern (PC2) covariate associations | Low western dietary pattern | Mid western dietary pattern | High western dietary pattern | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | 170 | 169 | 169 | |
| Male sex (%) | 77 (45.3) | 98 (58.0) | 91 (53.8) | 0.058 |
| Social circumstances (mean±s.d.) | 0.34 ± 0.87 | 0.06 ± 0.94) | −0.41 ± 1.01 | <0.001 |
| Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI (mean±s.d.) | 24.12 ± 4.18 | 24.41 ± 3.80) | 25.36 ± 5.06 | 0.026 |
| Smoking during pregnancy (%) | 5 (2.9) | 7 (4.1) | 26 (15.4) | <0.001 |
| Gestational age in (days) (mean±s.d.) | 279.18 ± 12.36 | 279.62 ± 11.43) | 279.14 ± 10.13 | 0.911 |
| Birth weight (kg) (mean±s.d.) | 3.55 ± 0.56 | 3.55 ± 0.53) | 3.58 ± 0.53 | 0.815 |
| Antibiotics during pregnancy (%) | 49 (29.0) | 53 (31.4) | 73 (43.2) | 0.013 |
| Pre-eclampsia during pregnancy (%) | 5 (3.0) | 9 (5.3) | 8 (4.7) | 0.539 |
| Child western dietary pattern (mean±s.d.) | −0.18 ± 0.89 | −0.07 ± 1.01 | 0.26 ± 1.08 | <0.001 |
| n3-LCPUFA pregnancy RCT (%) | 82 (48.2) | 88 (52.1) | 88 (52.1) | 0.717 |
| High-dose vitamin D pregnancy RCT (%) | 70 (51.1) | 66 (47.1) | 64 (45.4) | 0.622 |
| Total energy consumption (FFQ) (mean±s.d.) | 9,131 ± 1,982 | 8,497 ± 1,968 | 9,502 ± 2,545 | <0.001 |
| Maternal ADHD PRS (mean±s.d.) | −0.12 ± 1.00 | −0.05 ± 0.97 | 0.09 ± 1.04 | 0.208 |
| Child ADHD PRS (mean±s.d.) | −0.17 ± 1.06 | −0.03 ± 1.00 | 0.11 ± 0.99 | 0.060 |
| Child autism PRS (mean±s.d.) | −0.01 ± 1.02 | −0.05 ± 1.05 | −0.01 ± 1.04 | 0.921 |
RCT, randomised controlled trial.