Table 1.

Classification of metastable states according to modalities, measures, duration and analysis methods.

Metastable State Name	Imaging Modality	Measure	Duration	Analysis Method	References
Microstates	EEG	Magnitude	100 ms	Spatiotemporal clustering of quasi-stable EEG topographies based on spatial voltage patterns	Hermans et al. (2024)
HMM States	EEG	Connectivity/Magnitude	100 ms	Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) applied to EEG time-varying connectivity matrices or power distributions	Khazaei et al. (2023)
dFC States	fUS	Connectivity	1 second	Temporal clustering of fUS dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) matrices	Baranger et al. (2021)
dFC States	fMRI	Connectivity	10 seconds	Temporal clustering of fMRI dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) matrices	Ma, Wu, and Shi, (2020); França et al. (2024)