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. 2025 Mar 25;83:103615. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2025.103615

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© 2025 Published by Elsevier B.V.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig. 4 — Metabolomics revealed abnormal GSH metabolism of proliferative endometrium in PCOS. (A and D) OPLS-DA analysis of untargeted metabolomics (A) and targeted metabolomics (D) in the endometrium of PCOS and non-PCOS patients. Blue and red circles represent the non-PCOS and PCOS group, respectively. (B and E) Volcano plot of untargeted metabolomics (B) and targeted metabolomics (E) illustrated differential metabolites between PCOS and non-PCOS patients. (C and F) KEGG pathway analysis of untargeted metabolomics (C) and targeted metabolomics (F) of differential metabolites in endometrium compared PCOS to non-PCOS patients. (G) Heatmap shown the levels of top 20 differential metabolites from each sample of PCOS and non-PCOS patients. (H) GSH content in untargeted metabolomics. (I) A schematic diagram of GSH metabolism and ferroptosis. Cys: cysteine; Glu: glutamic acid; γ-GCS: γ-glutamylcysteine; Gly: glycine; GSS: glutathione synthetase; GSH: glutathione; GSSG: oxidized glutathione. Created with BioRender.com (https://biorender.com/).