Figure 3.

Natural compounds counteracting the negative effects of external factors on type I collagen in human skin fibroblasts. Akt—protein kinase B; AP-1—activator protein 1; BP-3—benzophenone-3; FDPs—fine dust particles; GAGs—glycosaminoglycans; H₂O₂—hydrogen peroxide; IGF-1R—insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor; MAPK—mitogen-activated protein kinase; MMPs—matrix metalloproteinases; MP—methylparaben; NF-κB—nuclear factor-kappa B; PMs—particulate matters; PP—propylparaben; Smad—suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic; TGF-β—transforming growth factor beta; TIMPs—tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases; TNF-α—tumor necrosis factor alpha; UV—ultraviolet. The figure was made using the templates available on the Servier Medical Art website (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 unported license).