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. 2025 Apr 8;14(4):447. doi: 10.3390/antiox14040447
2D NMR Two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance
DPPH 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical
FRAP Ferric reducing antioxidant power
GC Gas chromatography
HMBC Heteronuclear multiple bond correlation
HPLC High-performance liquid chromatography
HSQC Heteronuclear single quantum coherence
MS Mass spectrometry
RM Raw materials
TOCSY Total correlation spectroscopy