| AAD | Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea |
| ARGs | Antibiotic Resistance Genes |
| CDI | Clostridioides Difficile Infection |
| CNS | Central Nervous System |
| ENS | Enteric Nervous System |
| ESBL | Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase |
| FDA | Food and Drug Administration |
| FMT | Fecal Microbiota Transplantation |
| FOS | Fructooligosaccharides |
| GOS | Galactooligosaccarides |
| GRAS | Generally Recognized As Safe |
| HMC | Human Microbiome Cloud |
| IBD | Inflammatory Bowel disease |
| IBS | Irritable Bowel Syndrome |
| NEC | Necrotizing Enterocolitis |
| PRRS | Pattern Recognition Receptors |
| RCTs | Randomized Controlled Trials |
| SCFAs | Short-Chain Fatty Acids |