| cAMP | Cyclic adenosine monophosphate |
| CIFS | Central institute of forensic science |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic acid |
| DUH2 | Dyschromatosis universalis hereditaria 2 |
| EVC | External visible characteristic |
| FDP | Forensic DNA phenotyping |
| FPHH | Familial progressive hyper- and hypopigmentation |
| GWAS | Genome-wide association study |
| MAPK | Mitogen-activated protein kinase |
| NGS | Next-generation sequencing |
| PCR | Polymerase chain reaction |
| PKA | Protein kinase A |
| SBE | Single base extension |
| SNP | Single nucleotide polymorphism |
| STR | Short tandem repeat |
| UV | Ultraviolet |