| APN | Acute pyelonephritis |
| BBD | Bladder bowel dysfunction |
| CAUTI | Catheter-associated urinary tract infections |
| DMSA | Dimercaptosuccinic acid |
| MDA | Malondialdehyde |
| OS | Oxidative stress |
| OSI | Oxidative stress index |
| PRI | Population reference intakes |
| ROS | Reactive oxygen species |
| TAS | Total antioxidant status |
| UL | Tolerable upper intake level |
| UTI | Urinary tract infections |
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