| PARIHN | Polymerized Alizarin red–inorganic hybrid nanoarchitecture |
| PAR | Polymerized Alizarin red |
| ICAs | immunochromatographic assay |
| QCCC | quinone–chitosan conjugation chemistry |
| PBA | phenylboronic acid |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| FIAs | Fluorescence immunosorbent assays |
| PIHNs | protein–inorganic hybrid nanoarchitecture |
| DTT | dithiothreitol |
| ICAs | immunochromatographic assays |
| HRP | horseradish peroxidase |
| PBS | Phosphate-buffered saline |
| EDS | energy dispersive spectroscopy |
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