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. 2025 Mar 31;13(4):836. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines13040836
AI Artificial intelligence
NOD New-onset diabetes
PDAC Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
AJCC American Joint Committee on Cancer
SV Splenic vein
ACG American College of Gastroenterology
AGA American Gastroenterology Associations
DM Diabetes mellitus
T2DM Type 2 diabetes mellitus
NOH New-onset hyperglycemia
PCD Pancreatic cancer-associated diabetes
IGF Insulin-like growth factor
IGFBP-2 Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-2
PAI-1 Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1
ML Machine learning
DL Deep learning
GB Gradient boosting
SVM Support vector machine
KNNs K-nearest neighbors
NB Naïve Bayes
ANNs Artificial neural networks
ENDPAC Enriching New-Onset Diabetes for Pancreatic Cancer
QALYs Quality-adjusted life years
BMI Body Mass Index
PPV Positive predictive value
LDL Low-density lipoprotein
CA19-9 Carbohydrate antigen 19-9
FDA Food and Drug Administration
PPIs Proton pump inhibitors
ALT Alanine aminotransferase
LDA Linear discriminant analysis
GBM Gradient boosting machine
XGB Extreme gradient boosting
LGBM Light gradient boosting machine
RF Random forest
RR Relative risk
EV Ensemble voting
ICD-10 International Classification of Diseases Version 10
ATC Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical
MPL Multi-perceptron classifier
SNP Single nucleotide polymorphism
NPV Negative predictive value
MMTT Mixed meal tolerance test
OGTT Oral glucose tolerance test
GDPR General Data Protection Regulation
MHRA Medicine and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency
GMLP Good Machine Learning Practice
XAI Explainable AI
FL Federated learning
SSL Self-supervised learning
CT Computed Tomography
EUS Endoscopic ultrasound
CONSORT-AI Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials AI Extension
TRIPOD Transparent Reporting of a multivariable prediction model for Individual Prognosis or Diagnosis
NFL “No Free Lunch” (theorem)