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. 2025 Apr 1;22(4):539. doi: 10.3390/ijerph22040539
CVD Cardiovascular disease
PAD Peripheral arterial disease
CAD Coronary artery disease
CHD Coronary heart disease
ABI Ankle–brachial systolic blood pressure index
ECG Electrocardiography
BMI Body mass index
WHO World Health Organisation
NCDs Non-communicable diseases
PRISMA Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses
JBI Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist for Studies Reporting Prevalence Data