MDPI	Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
MTHFR	5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase
NTDs	Neural tube defects
5,10-methylene-THF	5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate
5-methyl-THF	5-methyltetrahydrofolate
NADPH	Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
FAD	Flavin adenine dinucleotide
Hcy	Homocysteine
Met	Methionine
MS	Methionine synthase
THF	Tetrahydrofolate
5,10-MTHF	5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate
5-MTHF	5-methyltetrahydrofolate
SAM	S-Adenosyl-L-methionine
SAH	S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine
dTMP	Deoxythymidine monophosphate
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
CBS	Cystathionine β-synthase
SNPs	Single nucleotide polymorphisms
Ala	Alanine
Val	Valine
Glu	Glutamine
HHcy	Hyperhomocysteinemia
A	Adenine
C	Cytosine
T	Thymine
G	Guanine
NO	Nitric Oxide
NMDA	N-methyl-D-aspartate
PP2A	Protein phosphatase 2A
ALP1	Apolipoprotein 1
EC	Endothelial cells
IL-1β	Interleukin 1 β
IL-6	Interleukin 6
IL-8	Interleukin 8
TNF-α	Tumor necrosis factor
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
NF-κB	Nuclear factor kappa B
CVD	Cardiovascular disease
IMH	Intramural hematoma
OR	Odds Ratio
CI	Confidence Interval
BC	Breast cancer
HER-2	Receptor tyrosine-protein kinase erbB-2
PC	Prostate cancer
OC	Ovarian cancer
CLL	Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
ALL	Acute lymphocytic leukemia
AML	Acute myeloblastic leukemia
CML	Chronic myeloblastic leukemia
ASD	Autism Spectrum Disorder
Fragile X	Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein 1
SHANK 3	SH3 and multiple ankyrin repeat domains 3
CASPR 2	Contactin-associated protein-like 2
RFC1	Replication factor C subunit 1
FRα	Folate receptor α
PCFT	Proton-coupled folate transporter
AD	Alzheimer’s disease
EOAD	Early-onset Alzheimer’s disease
LOAD	Late-onset Alzheimer’s disease
APP	Amyloid precursor protein
PSEN1	Presenilin 1
PSEN2	Presenilin 2
APOE	Apolipoprotein E
aMCI	amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
SCZ	Schizophrenia
MDD	Major Depressive Disorder
TRD	Treatment-Resistant Depression
FDA	The United States Food and Drug Administration
MID	Migraine with comorbid depression
PD	Parkinson’s disease
L-DOPA	L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine
ADHD	Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
DM	Diabetes mellitus
T2DM	Type 2 diabetes mellitus
IR	Insulin resistance
DN	Diabetic nephropathy
DR	Diabetic retinopathy
DPN	Diabetic peripheral neuropathy
GDM	Gestational diabetes mellitus
MS	Metabolic syndrome
ER	Endoplasmic reticulum
NAFLD	Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
NASH	Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis
IBD	Inflammatory bowel disease
CD	Crohn’s disease
UC	Ulcerative colitis
U-IBD	Unclassified inflammatory bowel disease
DNMTs	DNA methyltransferases
RPL	Recurrent pregnancy loss
PE	Pre-eclampsia
PTB	Preterm Birth
LBW	Low birth weight
UMFA	Unmetabolized folic acid
RA	Rheumatoid arthritis