Table 2.

Identification and percentage composition of cuticular hydrocarbons from the elytra surface lipids of I. subelongatus across six geographical populations.

GC Peak No.	CHCs		% Total Hydrocarbons (Mean ± SE)
		MJHL N = 10	WDLN N = 12	GHIM N = 10	YCHL N = 8	EDJL N = 12	ARIM N = 6
1	#7-C25:1	0.7 ± 0.1 a	0.9 ± 0.1 a	0.1 ± 0.1 b	0.1 ± 0.0 b	0.7 ± 0.1 a	0.8 ± 0.1 a
2	※n-C25	12.3 ± 1.3 b	17.1 ± 1.9 b	6.5 ± 0.9 c	5.2 ± 0.8 c	26.8 ± 1.3 a	13.4 ± 0.8 b
3	3-meC25	1.7 ± 0.1 a	1.6 ± 0.1 a	0.8 ± 0.1 b	0.7 ± 0.1 b	1.7 ± 0.1 a	1.5 ± 0.2 ab
4	n-C26	5.6 ± 0.5 a	4.2 ± 0.4 a	1.2 ± 0.2 c	0.9 ± 0.1 c	2.6 ± 0.1 b	1.6 ± 0.3 bc
5	4-meC26	0.7 ± 0.1 a	0.5 ± 0.1 a	0.4 ± 0.1 ab	0.8 ± 0.5 ab	0.3 ± 0.1 b	0.5 ± 0.1 ab
6	#9-C27:1	13.5 ± 0.8 c	18.6 ± 1.4 bc	10.1 ± 1.4 c	4.4 ± 0.4 d	17.6 ± 0.7 b	39.4 ± 2.2 a
7	#7-C27:1	5.3 ± 0.5 a	7.4 ± 0.7 a	2.4 ± 0.3 b	1.8 ± 0.2 b	6.1 ± 0.5 a	6.7 ± 0.6 a
8	※n-C27	23.5 ± 1.8 b	27.6 ± 1.2 a	14.1 ± 1.4 c	8.1 ± 1.1 d	29.3 ± 1.0 a	12.0 ± 0.9 cd
9	11-meC27	1.2 ± 0.2 ab	0.3 ± 0.1 bc	1.5 ± 0.1 a	1.7 ± 0.2 a	0.02 ± 0.0 c	0.5 ± 0.1 b
10	7-meC27	0.3 ± 0.1 b	0.1 ± 0.1 c	0.5 ± 0.1 ab	0.5 ± 0.1 a	0.1 ± 0.1 c	0.3 ± 0.1 b
11	5-meC27	2.9 ± 0.2 a	1.8 ± 0.2 bc	2.7 ± 0.2 a	2.7 ± 0.3 a	1.3 ± 0.1 c	1.9 ± 0.2 b
12	3-meC27	11.2 ± 0.3 a	7.3 ± 0.4 bc	8.5 ± 0.5 b	7.0 ± 0.8 bc	4.7 ± 0.4 c	5.0 ± 0.6 c
13	n-C28	3.3 ± 0.3 a	2.2 ± 0.2 b	1.5 ± 0.2 bc	2.2 ± 0.5 abcd	0.9 ± 0.1 c	0.5 ± 0.1 d
14	3,7-dimeC27	2.2 ± 0.2 a	1.2 ± 0.1 b	2.2 ± 0.3 a	1.9 ± 0.1 ab	1.3 ± 0.1 ab	1.6 ± 0.2 ab
15	4-meC28	1.7 ± 0.1 b	1.0 ± 0.2 c	1.8 ± 0.1 b	3.2 ± 0.3 a	0.2 ± 0.1 d	1.1 ± 0.1 c
16	#9-C29:1	1.5 ± 0.2 d	2.0 ± 0.2 c	2.8 ± 0.2 b	2.2 ± 0.2 bc	1.7 ± 0.1 bcd	3.5 ± 0.3 a
17	#7-C29:1	1.2 ± 0.1 bc	1.3 ± 0.1 b	2.1 ± 0.2 a	2.3 ± 0.1 a	0.8 ± 0.1 c	1.8 ± 0.3 a
18	※n-C29	3.2 ± 0.3 a	3.1 ± 0.3 a	2.4 ± 0.2 a	2.4 ± 0.2 a	2.7 ± 0.2 a	1.0 ± 0.1 b
19	13-meC29	0.6 ± 0.2 b	nd	3.4 ± 0.3 a	4.3 ± 0.3 a	nd	0.6 ± 0.1 b
20	7-meC29	1.4 ± 0.2 c	0.6 ± 0.4 c	2.9 ± 0.3 b	4.2 ± 0.2 a	0.1 ± 0.1 d	1.0 ± 0.1 c
21	5-meC29	1.7 ± 0.1 c	0.8 ± 0.2 d	2.2 ± 0.2 b	3.1 ± 0.2 a	0.2 ± 0.1 e	0.6 ± 0.1 de
22	9,13-dimeC29	nd	nd	2.5 ± 0.3 a	3.4 ± 0.4 a	nd	0.2 ± 0.1 b
23	5,X-dimeC29	1.5 ± 0.4 b	0.3 ± 0.1 c	8.2 ± 1.0 a	10.6 ± 0.3 a	0.1 ± 0.1 c	1.4 ± 0.2 b
24	※n-C30	0.8 ± 0.1 a	nd	1.2 ± 0.2 a	0.8 ± 0.1 a	nd	0.4 ± 0.1 b
25	9-C31:1	0.3 ± 0.1 b	0.1 ± 0.1 b	0.9 ± 0.1 a	1.3 ± 0.19 a	0.2 ± 0.1 b	0.5 ± 0.2 ab
26	15-meC31	0.7 ± 0.1 b	nd	4.3 ± 0.4 a	8.0 ± 1.08 a	0.3 ± 0.1 b	0.7 ± 0.1 b
27	7-meC31	nd	nd	1.0 ± 0.1 a	2.1 ± 0.14 a	0.2 ± 0.1 b	0.1 ± 0.1 b
28	11,15-dimeC31	nd	nd	2.4 ± 0.3 a	3.4 ± 0.36 a	nd	0.2 ± 0.0 b
29	4-meC31	0.6 ± 0.1 b	nd	3.5 ± 0.5 a	3.2 ± 0.20 a	nd	0.5 ± 0.1 b
30	5,17-dimeC31	0.5 ± 0.1 b	nd	6.0 ± 0.6 a	7.2 ± 0.3 a	nd	0.7 ± 0.1 b

Note: # indicates that the double bond position was identified by DMDS derivatives. ※ indicates that the hydrocarbon was identified by authentic standards. Retention times and peak numbers are as indicated in Figure 2. The abbreviations for the compounds are shown in parentheses. KIs, Kováts indices; nd, not detected. Significant differences were determined using the Student–Newman–Keuls test. Different letters denote significant differences at p < 0.05.