| BNP | brain natriuretic peptide |
| CVD | cardiovascular diseases |
| T2D | type 2 diabetes |
| AMPK | AMP-dependent kinase |
| SGLT-2 | sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 |
| GLP-1 | glucagon-like peptide-1 |
| AST | aspartate aminotransferase |
| ALT | alanine aminotransferase |
| HDL | high-density lipoprotein |
| LDL | low-density lipoprotein |
| CLIA | chemiluminescence immunoassay |
| Hb | hemoglobin |
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