| DHA | Dehydroabietic acid |
| RT-qPCR | Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction |
| SOD | Superoxide dismutase |
| CAT | Catalase |
| POD | Peroxidase |
| EG | Endoglucanase |
| PG | Polygalacturonase |
| PL | Pectin lyase |
| PDA | Potato dextrose agar |
| MDA | Malondialdehyde |
| H2O2 | Hydrogen peroxide |
| DMSO | Dimethyl sulfoxide |
| SEM | Scanning electron microscopy |
| RNA | Ribonucleic acid |
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