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. 2025 Apr 9;15(4):631. doi: 10.3390/life15040631
GR Germination rate
GI Germination index
GP Germination potential
VI Vigor index
FW Fresh weight
ICL Isocitrate lyase
MS Malate synthase
CATI Carnitine acyltransferase I
CATII Carnitine acyltransferase II
CS Citrate synthase
COX Cytochrome oxidase
PDH Pyruvate dehydrogenase
NADH-GDH NADH-Dependent Glutamate Dehydrogenase
GS Glutamine synthase
SOD Superoxide dismutase
GPX Guaiacol peroxidase
APX Ascorbate peroxidase
AsA Ascorbate
GSH Glutathione
TCA Tricarboxylic acid cycle
ETC Electron transfer chain
Ct Threshold Cycle
ATP Adenosine Triphosphate
5 C 5 µM carnitine application
7.5 C 7.5 µM carnitine application
10 C 10 µM carnitine application