| CFU | Colony-Forming Unit |
| DNA | Deoxyribonucleic Acid |
| EBM | Evidence-Based Medicine |
| EGFR | Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor |
| EMT | Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition |
| FFPE | Formalin-Fixed Paraffin-Embedded |
| GMS | Gomori Methenamine Silver |
| HNSCC | Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
| HRP | Horseradish Peroxidase |
| IHC | Immunohistochemistry |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| JAK-STAT | Janus Kinase-Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription |
| KEGG | Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes |
| LFC | Logarithmic Fold Change |
| MMP | Matrix Metalloproteinase |
| mRNA | Messenger Ribonucleic Acid |
| NAC | Non-albicans Candida |
| NF-κB | Nuclear Factor Kappa B |
| OED | Oral epithelial dysplasia |
| OPMD | Oral potentially malignant disorder |
| OSCC | Oral squamous cell carcinoma |
| OTSCC | Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma |
| PAS | Periodic Acid–Schiff |
| PCR | Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| PRISMA-ScR | Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses for Scoping Reviews |
| qPCR | Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| RPKM | Reads Per Kilobase of Exon Model per Million Mapped Reads |
| RT-PCR | Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction |
| SDA | Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar |
| scSeq | Single-Cell Sequencing |
| TLR | Toll-like receptor |
| TNF-α | Tumour Necrosis Factor Alpha |
| TGF-β | Transforming Growth Factor Beta |
| URM | Upstream Regulatory Mechanism |
| Wnt | Wingless-Related Integration Site (Wnt Signalling Pathway) |