| ACE2 | Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 |
| COVID-19 | Coronavirus disease |
| CRP | C-reactive protein |
| GABA | Gamma-aminobutyric acid |
| IBD | Inflammatory bowel disease |
| IBS | Irritable bowel syndrome |
| IgA | Immunoglobulin A |
| IL-6 | Interleukin-6 |
| IL-8 | Interleukin-8 |
| LAB | Lactic acid bacteria |
| MERS-CoV | Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus |
| NAC | N-acetyl-cysteine |
| PICO | Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome |
| PRISMA | Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses |
| PRN | Pro re nata |
| SARS-CoV | Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus |
| SCFAs | Short-chain fatty acids |
| TNF-α | Necrosis factor-alpha |
| WHO | World Health Organization |