Skip to main content
. 2025 Apr 19;13(4):944. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms13040944
ACE2 Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
COVID-19 Coronavirus disease
CRP C-reactive protein
GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid
IBD Inflammatory bowel disease
IBS Irritable bowel syndrome
IgA Immunoglobulin A
IL-6 Interleukin-6
IL-8 Interleukin-8
LAB Lactic acid bacteria
MERS-CoV Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus
NAC N-acetyl-cysteine
PICO Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome
PRISMA Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
PRN Pro re nata
SARS-CoV Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus
SCFAs Short-chain fatty acids
TNF-α Necrosis factor-alpha
WHO World Health Organization