| ACTN2 | Recombinant Actinin Alpha 2 |
| ANP | atrial natriuretic peptide |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate |
| BNP | brain natriuretic peptide |
| CMC-Na | sodium carboxymethyl cellulose |
| cTnT | cardiac troponin T |
| DMEM | Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium |
| EF | ejection fraction |
| ET-1 | endothelin-1 |
| ETC | mitochondrial electron transfer chain |
| FS | fractional shortening |
| GLUT4 | glucose transporter 4 |
| HE | hematoxylin–eosin |
| HF | heart failure |
| HWI | heart weight index |
| JC-1 | 5,5′,6,6′-Tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide |
| LVAW(d) | Left ventricular end-diastolic anterior wall thickness |
| LVAW(s) | Left ventricular end-systolic anterior wall thickness |
| LVID(d) | Left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter |
| LVID(s) | Left ventricular end-systolic internal diameter |
| LVPW(d) | Left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness |
| LVPW(s) | Left ventricular end-systolic posterior wall thickness |
| LV Vol(d) | Left ventricular end-diastolic volume |
| LV Vol(s) | Left ventricular end-systolic volume |
| MI | myocardial infarction |
| MMP | mitochondrial membrane potential |
| NADH | nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide |
| PGC-1α | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α |
| PPARα | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha |
| PPARγ | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma |
| PPARs | proliferator-activated receptors |
| ROS | reactive oxygen species |
| SGLT2i | sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor |
| TCA cycle | tricarboxylic acid cycle |
| Twist1 | Twist homolog 1 |