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. 2025 Mar 30;18(4):500. doi: 10.3390/ph18040500
ACTN2 Recombinant Actinin Alpha 2
ANP atrial natriuretic peptide
ATP adenosine triphosphate
BNP brain natriuretic peptide
CMC-Na sodium carboxymethyl cellulose
cTnT cardiac troponin T
DMEM Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium
EF ejection fraction
ET-1 endothelin-1
ETC mitochondrial electron transfer chain
FS fractional shortening
GLUT4 glucose transporter 4
HE hematoxylin–eosin
HF heart failure
HWI heart weight index
JC-1 5,5′,6,6′-Tetrachloro-1,1′,3,3′-tetraethyl-imidacarbocyanine iodide
LVAW(d) Left ventricular end-diastolic anterior wall thickness
LVAW(s) Left ventricular end-systolic anterior wall thickness
LVID(d) Left ventricular end-diastolic internal diameter
LVID(s) Left ventricular end-systolic internal diameter
LVPW(d) Left ventricular end-diastolic posterior wall thickness
LVPW(s) Left ventricular end-systolic posterior wall thickness
LV Vol(d) Left ventricular end-diastolic volume
LV Vol(s) Left ventricular end-systolic volume
MI myocardial infarction
MMP mitochondrial membrane potential
NADH nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
PGC-1α peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1α
PPARα peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha
PPARγ peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma
PPARs proliferator-activated receptors
ROS reactive oxygen species
SGLT2i sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor
TCA cycle tricarboxylic acid cycle
Twist1 Twist homolog 1