Skip to main content
. 2025 Apr 11;17(4):504. doi: 10.3390/pharmaceutics17040504
ACE2 angiotensin-converting enzyme-2
αKG alpha-ketoglutarate
ASM airway smooth muscle
ATF4 activating transcription factor 4
BUD budesonide
cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate
CDH1 Cadherin 1
CDKN1C Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor 1C
COX-2 cyclooxygenase-2
c-MYC Cellular Myelocytomatosis
ECM1 extracellular matrix protein 1
EGF extracellular signal-regulated kinase
EoE eosinophilic esophagitis
EMT epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
ER endoplasmic reticulum
ESCs embryonic stem cells
esMT embryonic-stem-to-mesenchymal transition
FGF fibroblast growth factor
GCs Glucocorticoids
GPCR G protein-coupled receptor Gα
GR glucocorticoid receptor
HCoV human coronavirus
HDAC histone deacetylase
5hMC 5-hydroxymethylcytosine
HRVs human rhinoviruses
HTS high-throughput screening
ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule-1
IDs inflammatory diseases
IGF-2 Insulin-like Growth Factor 2
IFN-β type I interferon-beta
IL-1β Interleukin-1 β
IL-6 Interleukin-6
IL-8 Interleukin-8
JMJ Jumonji
LIF leukemia inhibitory factor
LMNB1 extracellular matrix glycoprotein laminin B1
MC microscopic colitis
MERS Middle East respiratory syndrome
MPO myeloperoxidase
N3CR1 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1
NF-kB nuclear factor kappa-B
Nrf2 nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor
PDAC pancreatic adenocarcinoma
P4HA prolyl-collagen hydroxylation
P450/CYP3A cytochrome P4503A
SARS-CoV-2 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
TET ten-eleven translocation
TGFβ1 transforming growth factor-β1
TGM1_3 transglutaminase enzymes 1 and 3
TNF tumor necrosis factor
UC ulcerative colitis
VitC vitamin C
WNT Wingless and Int-1