EPR	Enhanced permeability and retention
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
RT	Radiotherapy
WHO	World Health Organization
EBRT	External beam radiation therapy
LINACs	Linear particle accelerators
TRT	Targeted radionuclide therapy
SOCs	Standards of care
LET	Linear energy transfer
BNCT	Boron neutron capture therapy
OARs	Organs at risk
TME	Tumor microenvironment
SSBs	Single-strand breaks
DSBs	Double-strand breaks
PARP	Poly-ADP ribose polymerase
NP	Nanoparticle
AGuIX	Activation and Guidance of Irradiation by X-ray
GMP	Good manufacturing practice
MRI	Magnetic resonance imaging
WBRT	Whole brain radiation therapy
SE	Signal enhancement
EES	Extracellular extravascular space
% ID	Percentage of the injected dose
SD	Standard deviation
LIBS	Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
ICP-MS	Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
ICP-OES	Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
TEM	Transmission electron microscopy
FITC	Fluorescein isothiocyanate
Cy5.5	Cyanine 5.5
EEA1	Early endosome antigen 1
AIF	Apoptosis-inducing factor
LAMP-1	Lysosome-associated membrane protein 1
AF488	Alexa Fluor 488
IV	Intravenous
NIST	National Institute of Standards and Technology
DOTA	1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid
LQ	Linear quadratic
SF	Survival fraction
SER	Sensitizing enhancement ratio
MC	Monte Carlo
FFF	Flattening filter free
RBE	Relative biological effectiveness
LEM	Local effect model
DEFs	Dose enhancement factors
TDRA	Theory of dual radiation action
DER	Dose enhancement ratio
DCFDA	2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate
DHR123	Dihydrorhodamine 123
H2DCFDA or DCFH-DA	2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
M-H2DCFDA	5-(and-6)-chloromethyl-H2DCFDA
mROS	Mitochondrial ROS
cROS	Cytosolic ROS
GSH	Glutathione
SEM	Standard error of the mean
ATM	Ataxia–telangiectasia mutated
ATR	Ataxia–telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein
DDR	DNA damage response
HR	Homologous recombination
NHEJ	Non-homologous end-joining
IF	Immunofluorescence
AGE	Agarose gel electrophoresis
FM	Fluorescence microscopy
cGAS	Cyclic guanosine monophosphate–adenosine monophosphate synthase
IFN	Interferon
STING	Stimulatory interferon genes
IHC	Immunohistochemistry
Unk	Unknown
BRCA1	Breast cancer 1
FACS	Fluorescence-activated cell sorting
PI	Propidium iodide
ANOVA	Analysis of variance
APC	Allophycocyanin
7-AAD	7-Aminoactinomycin D
SPECT/CT	Single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography
TUNEL	Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling
H-SCORE	Histochemistry score
LC3B	Microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3B
BODIPY	Boron-dipyrromethene
MDA	Malondialdehyde
4-HNE	4-hydroxynonenal
NRF2	Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2
GPX4	Glutathione peroxidase 4
ns	Non-significant
ICD	Immunogenic cell death
DAMPs	Damage-associated molecular patterns
HMGB1	High-mobility group box 1
CRT	Calreticulin
DCs	Dendritic cells
TAMs	Tumor-associated macrophages
ICIs	Immune checkpoint inhibitors
PD-1	Programmed cell death protein 1
NK	Natural killer
PBMC	Peripheral blood mononuclear cells
NOX2	NADPH oxidase 2
IRF5	Interferon regulatory factor 5
iNOS	Inducible nitric oxide synthase
TOM20	Translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane 20
AMPK	Adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase
AMPKT172*	Activated protein kinase on threonine 172
Tregs	Regulatory T cells
MDSCs	Myeloid-derived suppressor cells
TDLNs	Tumor-draining lymph nodes
PMA	Phorbol-12-myristate 13-acetate
ROIs	Regions of interest
scRNA-seq	Single-cell RNA sequencing
IL	Interleukin
Tf	Transferrin