3D	Three-dimensional
6PPD	N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N′-phenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine
6PPDQ	6PPD quinone
ABC	ATP binding cassette
ABS	Stone mastic asphalt
ABT	Asphalt concrete
AChE	Acetyl-cholinesterase
ALP	Alkaline phosphatase
ALT	Alanine aminotransferase
ARG	Antibiotic-resistant gene
AST	Aspartate aminotransferase
ATP	Adenosine triphosphate
BALF	Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid
BPA	Bisphenol A
BPAF	Bisphenol AF
BPF	Bisphenol F
BPS	Bisphenol S
BT	Benzothiazole
Car	Carotenoids
CAT	Catalase
CAV-1	Caveolin-1
CD55	Lipid raft marker
Chla	Chlorophyll a
DCFH-DA	2′7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate
DEGs	Differentially expressed genes
DFO	Deferoxamine
DFX	Deferoxamine mesylate
DNA	Deoxyribonucleic acid
DPG	1,3-diphenylguanidine
DRM	Detergent-resistant membrane
DTBBA	Dithiobisbenzanilide
EC50	50% effect concentration
ECE	Economic Commission for Europe
EDTA	Ethylene diammine tetra acetic acid
EPFRs	Environmentally persistent free radicals
EU	European Union
FETAX	Frog embryo teratogenesis assay—Xenopus
FLOT-1	Flottilin-1
FTIR	Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy
GGT	γ -glutamyl transpeptidase
GO	Gene ontology
GPx	Glutathione peroxidase
GSH	Glutathione
GST	Glutathione S-transferase
hAO	Human airway organoid
HO-1	Heme oxygenase-1
Hsp70	Heat shock protein 70
IL-8	Interleukine-8
LC50	Lethal concentration for 50% of the test subjects
LDH	Lactate dehydrogenase
LM	Low-metallic
LMS	Lysosomal membrane stability
LOEC	Lowest observed effect concentration
MBT	2-mercaptobenzothiazole
MDA	Malondialdehyde
MDDC	Monocyte-derived dendritic cell
MDM	Monocyte-derived macrophage
MEF	Membrane-enriched fraction
MIP-2	Macrophage inflammatory protein-2
MMI	Methimazole
mRNA	Messenger ribonucleic acid
MTT	3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide
NAG	β-N-acetylglucosaminidase
NAO	Non-asbestos organic
NO	Nitrogen oxide
NOEC	Non-observable effect concentration
OECD	Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
PAHs	Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons
PEF	Peak expiratory flow
PET	Polyethylene terephthalate
PM	Particulate matter
PMN	Polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocyte
PVC	Polyvinyl chloride
ROS	Reactive oxygen species
SOD	Superoxide dismutase
SM	Semi-metallic
TBARSs	Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
TC50	Teratogenic concentration for 50% of a test species
TIE	Toxicity identification evaluation
TNF-α	Tumour necrosis factor alpha
TOF-MS	Time-of-flight mass spectrometry
TPs	Tyre particles
TPO	Thyroid peroxidase
TRWPs	Tyre and road wear particles
TWPs	Tyre wear particles
USA	United States of America
UV	Ultraviolet
VACES	Versatile ambient concentration enrichment system
VTI	Swedish National Road and Transport Research Institute
WHO	World Health Organization