SARS-CoV-2	Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
CFR	case fatality ratio
IAV	influenza A virus
IBV	influenza B virus
HA	hemagglutinin
NA	neuraminidase
SASP	senescence-associated secretory phenotype
HSCs	hematopoietic stem cells
ICU	intensive care unit
ETC	electron transport chain
HPA	hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
HSCs	hematopoietic stem cells
ICU	intensive care unit
ETC	electron transport chain
HPA	hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
TF	tissue factor
ALT	alanine aminotransferase
AST	aspartate aminotransferase
GGT	gamma glutamyl transferase
LDH	lactate dehydrogenase
COVID-19	Coronavirus Disease 2019
VOCs	variants of concern
ACE2	angiotensin-converting enzyme 2
RBD	receptor-binding domain
SARS	severe acute respiratory syndrome
RAS	renin–angiotensin System
ARDS	acute respiratory distress syndrome
AKI	acute kidney injury
Ang II	angiotensin II
vWF	von Willebrand factor
WHO	World Health Organization
NPIs	nonpharmaceutical interventions
PCR	polymerase chain reaction
Ct	cycle threshold
IL-1	interleukin-1
IL-6	interleukin-6
TNF-α	tumor necrosis factor-alpha
ER	endoplasmic reticulum
PERK	protein kinase R-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase
eIF2α	eukaryotic initiation factor 2 alpha
ATF-4	activating transcription factor 4
ATF-6	activating transcription factor 6
CHOP	C/EBP homologous protein
S1P	serineproteasesite-1
S2P	serine 534 proteasesite-2
IRE1	inositol-requiringenzyme1
JNK	c-Jun N-terminal kinase
BBB	blood–brain barrier
CK	creatine kinase
CK-MB	creatine kinase isoenzyme MB
cTnI	cardiac troponin I
BNP	brain natriuretic peptide
PT	prothrombin time
APTT	activated partial thromboplastin time
ACS	acute coronary syndrome
MMP-13	matrix metalloproteinase-13
DCs	dendritic cells
APCs	antigen-presenting cells
MHC-II	MHC class II molecules
NK	natural killer
ABCs	age-associated B cells
TCR	T cell receptor
Treg	regulatory T cell
Teff	effector T cell
Th17	T helper17
BMI	body mass index
CARS	anti-inflammatory response syndrome
UPR	Unfolded Protein Response
CNS	central nervous system
VLP	virus-like particle
M2e	matrix 2 ectodomain of the influenza virus