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. 2025 Mar 26;13(4):247. doi: 10.3390/toxics13040247
EMCDDA European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction
EUDA European Union Drugs Agency
ISS Istituto Superiore di Sanità
SNAP System Network on New Psychoactive Substances
AIFA Italian Medicines Agency
LSD Lysergic Acid Diethylamide
LSA Lysergic Acid Amide
CNS Central Nervous System
DMT N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
MAO Monoamine Oxidase
MAOIs Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors
5-OH-DMT 5-Hydroxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
5-MeO-DMT 5-Methoxy-N,N-Dimethyltryptamine
Δ9-THC Δ-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol
SCs Synthetic Cannabinoids
CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor 1
CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor 2
HU-210 (6aR,10aR)-9-(Hydroxymethyl)-6,6-Dimethyl-3-(2-Methyloctan-2-yl)-6a,7,10,10a-Tetrahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol
CP-47947 5-(1,1-Dimethylheptyl)-2-[(1R,3S)-3-Hydroxycyclohexyl]-Phenol
AM-4030 (6S,6aR,9R,10aR)-9-(Hydroxymethyl)-6-[(E)-3-Hydroxyprop-1-Enyl]-6-Methyl-3-(2-Methyloctan-2-yl)-6a,7,8,9,10,10a-Hexahydrobenzo[c]chromen-1-ol
AM-1220 (Naphthalen-1-yl)[1-[(1-Methylpiperidin-2-yl)Methyl]-1H-Indol-3-yl]Methanone
THJ-018 Naphthalen-1-yl[1-(Pent-1-yl)-1H-Indazol-3-yl]Methanone
THJ-2201 1-(5-Fluoropent-1-yl)-1H-Indazol-3-ylMethanone
5F-APINACA N-(1-Adamantyl)-5-Fluoropentyl-1H-Indazole-3-Carboxamide
MDMB-FUBINACA Methyl 2-[1-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-1H-Indazole-3-Carboxamido]-3,3-Dimethylbutanoate
ADB-FUBINACA N-(1-Amino-3,3-Dimethyl-1-Oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-Fluorobenzyl)-1H-Indazole-3-Carboxamide
AB-CHMINACA N-(1-Amino-3-Methyl-1-Oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-Indazole-3-Carboxamide
MAB-CHMINACA N-(1-Amino-3,3-Dimethyl-1-Oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(Cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-Indazole-3-Carboxamide
AM-356 N-(2-Hydroxy-1R-Methylethyl)-5Z,8Z,11Z,14Z-Eicosatetraenamide
EPH Ephedrone
MDPV 3,4-Methylenedioxypyrovalerone
βk-MDMA 3,4-Methylenedioxy-N-Methylcathinone
MDPBP Methylenedioxy-α-Pyrrolidinobutyrophenone
4-MMC 4-Methylmethcathinone, 4-Methylephedrone
βk-MBDB 1,3-Benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-(Methylamino)Butan-1-one
PMMA Paramethoxymethamphetamine
2C-B 4-Bromo-2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamine
2C-I 4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxyphenethylamine
2C-T-7 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-(n)-Propylthiophenethylamine
DOB 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Bromoamphetamine
DOI 2,5-Dimethoxy-4-Iodoamphetamine
25I-NBMOe 2-(4-Iodo-2,5-Dimethoxyphenyl)-N-[(2-Methoxyphenyl)Methyl]Ethanamine
4-APB 4-(2-Aminopropyl) Benzofuran
5-APB 5-(2-Aminopropyl) Benzofuran
6-APB 6-(2-Aminopropyl) Benzofuran
DiTP Di-Isopropyltryptamine
4-OH-DiPT 4-Hydroxy-N,N-Diisopropyltryptamine
BZP 1-Benzylpiperazine
mCPP 1-(m-Chlorophenyl) Piperazine
TFMPP 1-(m-Trifluoromethylphenyl) Piperazine
2-DPMP 2-Diphenylmethylpiperidine
D2PM Diphenyl-2-Pyrrolidinyl-Methanol
MOTUs Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units
BLAST Basic Local Alignment Search Tool
BOLD-IDS Barcode of Life Database Identification System
SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy
TEM Transmission Electron Microscopy
EDS X-ray Energy Dispersive System
LOD Limit of Detection
LOQ Limit of Quantification
SPE Solid-Phase Extraction
RP-HPLC-DAD Reverse-Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Diode Array Detector
LC-MS Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
LC-MS/MS Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry
GC-MS Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
GC-FID Gas Chromatography Coupled with Flame Ionization Detector
ADHD Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder
CUD Caffeine Use Disorder
3-MMC 3-Methylmethcathinone
CE Cognitive Enhancers
COMT Catechol-O-Methyltransferase
PTSD Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder