. 2025 Apr 25;16:3925. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-59060-2

Table 2.

Average MMR, total maternal deaths and total DALYs due to ‘Maternal Disorders’ during the intervention period (2023–2030) by scenario

	Scenario full name (Short name)	Average MMR (95% CI) Mean difference from SQ (95% CI) Percentage difference from SQ^a	Total maternal deaths (95% CI) Mean difference from SQ (95% CI) Percentage difference from SQ^a	Total Maternal DALYs (95% CI) Mean difference from SQ (95% CI) Percentage difference from SQ^a
Comparator scenario:	Status Quo (SQ)	330.5 (322.4, 338.6) Ref.	19,541 (19,066, 20,016) Ref.	795,868 (774,804, 816,933) Ref.
Scenarios relating to antenatal services:	Increased routine ANC coverage (AN coverage)	320.0 (312.1, 327.9) –10.5 (–22.1, 1.0) N/A	18,922 (18,450, 19,394) –618 (–1304, 66) N/A	771,773 (751,356, 792,109) –24,095 (–53,107, 4916) N/A
Increased coverage and quality of antenatal services (AN coverage and qual.)	314.4 (307.0, 321.9) –16.1(–28.2, –4.0) –4.9 %	18,609 (18,173, 19,044) –932 (–1655, –208) –4.8%	755,897 (737,837, 773,956) –39,971 (–70,865, –9078) –5.0%
Maximum availability of antenatal services (AN max.)	298.1 (289.2, 307) –32.4 (–46.5, –18.3) –9.8%	17,628 (17,123, 18,134) –1913 (–2738, –1087) –9.8%	711,742 (692,539, 730,946) –84,126 (–116,389, –51,863) –10.6%
No antenatal services (AN min.)	399.4 (391.0, 407.8) 68.9 (55.9, 82.2) 20.8%	23,595 (23,116, 24,074) 4054 (3278, 4831) 20.8%	976,468 (959,658, 993,278) 180,600 (149,942, 211,257) 22.7%
Scenarios relating to intrapartum services:	Increased availability of intrapartum BEmONC interventions (IP BEmONC)	293.5 (285.6, 301.4) –37.0 (–47.8, –26.3) –11.2%	17,361 (16,898, 17,823) –2180 (–2812, –1549) –11.2%	700,516 (682,721, 718,311) –95,352 (–119,811, –70,893) –12.0%
Increased availability of intrapartum CEmONC interventions (IP CEmONC)	261.1 (252.7, 269.5) –69.4 (–80.3, –58.4) –21.0%	15,482 (14,991, 15,973) –4059 (–4683, –3434) –20.8%	627,728 (607,760, 647,696) –168,140 (–194,105, –142,176) –21.1%
Maximum availability of intrapartum services (IP max).	252.3 (243.1, 261.5) –78.3 (–89.1, –67.4) –23.7%	14,988 (14,439, 15,537) –4553 (–5189, –3918) –23.3%	604,284 (583,308, 625,260) –191,585 (–216,665, –166,504) –24.1%
No intrapartum services (IP min.)	379.7 (371.0, 388.4) 49.2 (37.1, 61.3) 14.9%	22,457 (21,953, 22,962) 2913 (2222, 3611) 14.9%	914,736 (894,337, 935,135) 118,868 (90,126, 147,610) 14.9%
Scenarios relating to postnatal services:	Increased PNC coverage (PN coverage)	322.2 (312.4, 332.0) –8.3 (–21.2, 4.49) N/A	19,087 (18,494, 19,680) –454.0(–1220, 312) N/A	781,925 (758,710, 805,140) –13,943 (–46,035, 18,149) N/A
Increased coverage and quality of postnatal services (PN coverage and qual.)	233.9 (226.6, 241.1) –96.7 (–107.1, –86.3) –29.3%	13,854 (13,432, 14,276) –5687 (–6297, –5077) –29.1%	548,956 (532,992, 564,920) –246,913 (–270,748, –223,078) –31.0%
Maximum availability of postnatal services (PN max).	191.7 (184.8, 198.7) –138.9 (–149.8, –127.8) –42.0%	11,359 (10,952, 11,766) –8182 (–8822, –7542) –41.9%	442,829 (426,546, 459,111) –353,040 (–379,183, –326,896) –44.4%
No postnatal services (PN min.)	391.2 (383.5, 399.0) 60.7 (50.6, 70.7) 18.4%	23,126 (22,627, 23,581) 3586 (3000, 4171) 18.4%	948,241 (924,914, 971,569) 152,373 (124,651, 180,096) 19.2%
Scenarios relating to all services:	Increased coverage and antenatal, postnatal services and improved availability of BEmONC interventions (All services coverage)	277.6 (270.7, 284.6) –52.9 (–63.8, –42.0) –16.0%	16,450 (16,018, 16,883) –3091 (–3744, –2437) –15.8%	662,468 (643,887, 681,049) –133,400 (–163,950, –102,851) –16.8%
Increased coverage and quality of antenatal, postnatal services, and improved availability of CEmONC interventions (All services coverage and qual.)	176.4 (170.8, 181.9) 154.2 (–162.7, –145.6) –46.6%	10,452 (10,122, 10,781) –9089 (–9605, –8573) –46.5%	403,699 (387,415, 419,984) –392,169 (–415,351, –368,988) –49.3%
Maximum availability of antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal services (All services max.)	120.0 (114.8, 125.2) –210.5 (–220.0, –201.1) –63.7%	7113 (6806, 7421) –12,427 (–12,983, –11,872) –63.6%	261,359 (251,506, 271,213) –534,509 (–556,750, –512,267) –67.2%
No availability of antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal services (All services min.)	501.8 (493.0, 510.7) 171.3 (161.2, 181.4) 51.8%	29,642 (29,108, 30,175) 10,101 (9514, 10,688) 51.7%	1,233,184 (1,210,792, 1,255,576) 437,316 (410,491, 464,141) 55.0%

Scenario full name (Short name)

Average MMR (95% CI)
Mean difference from SQ (95% CI)
Percentage difference from SQ^a

Total maternal deaths (95% CI)
Mean difference from SQ (95% CI)
Percentage difference from SQ^a

Total Maternal DALYs (95% CI)
Mean difference from SQ (95% CI)
Percentage difference from SQ^a

Comparator scenario:

Status Quo (SQ)

330.5 (322.4, 338.6)

Ref.

19,541 (19,066, 20,016)

Ref.

795,868 (774,804, 816,933)

Ref.

Scenarios relating to antenatal services:

Increased routine ANC coverage (AN coverage)

320.0 (312.1, 327.9)

–10.5 (–22.1, 1.0)

N/A

18,922 (18,450, 19,394)

–618 (–1304, 66)

N/A

771,773 (751,356, 792,109)

–24,095 (–53,107, 4916)

N/A

Increased coverage and quality of antenatal services (AN coverage and qual.)

314.4 (307.0, 321.9)

–16.1(–28.2, –4.0)

–4.9 %

18,609 (18,173, 19,044)

–932 (–1655, –208)

–4.8%

755,897 (737,837, 773,956)

–39,971 (–70,865, –9078)

–5.0%

Maximum availability of antenatal services (AN max.)

298.1 (289.2, 307)

–32.4 (–46.5, –18.3)

–9.8%

17,628 (17,123, 18,134)

–1913 (–2738, –1087)

–9.8%

711,742 (692,539, 730,946)

–84,126 (–116,389, –51,863)

–10.6%

No antenatal services (AN min.)

399.4 (391.0, 407.8)

68.9 (55.9, 82.2)

20.8%

23,595 (23,116, 24,074)

4054 (3278, 4831)

20.8%

976,468 (959,658, 993,278)

180,600 (149,942, 211,257)

22.7%

Scenarios relating to intrapartum services:

Increased availability of intrapartum BEmONC interventions

(IP BEmONC)

293.5 (285.6, 301.4)

–37.0 (–47.8, –26.3)

–11.2%

17,361 (16,898, 17,823)

–2180 (–2812, –1549)

–11.2%

700,516 (682,721, 718,311)

–95,352 (–119,811, –70,893)

–12.0%

Increased availability of intrapartum CEmONC interventions (IP CEmONC)

261.1 (252.7, 269.5)

–69.4 (–80.3, –58.4)

–21.0%

15,482 (14,991, 15,973)

–4059 (–4683, –3434)

–20.8%

627,728 (607,760, 647,696)

–168,140 (–194,105, –142,176)

–21.1%

Maximum availability of intrapartum services (IP max).

252.3 (243.1, 261.5)

–78.3 (–89.1, –67.4)

–23.7%

14,988 (14,439, 15,537)

–4553 (–5189, –3918)

–23.3%

604,284 (583,308, 625,260)

–191,585 (–216,665, –166,504)

–24.1%

No intrapartum services (IP min.)

379.7 (371.0, 388.4)

49.2 (37.1, 61.3)

14.9%

22,457 (21,953, 22,962)

2913 (2222, 3611)

14.9%

914,736 (894,337, 935,135)

118,868 (90,126, 147,610)

14.9%

Scenarios relating to postnatal services:

Increased PNC coverage (PN coverage)

322.2 (312.4, 332.0)

–8.3 (–21.2, 4.49)

N/A

19,087 (18,494, 19,680)

–454.0(–1220, 312)

N/A

781,925 (758,710, 805,140)

–13,943 (–46,035, 18,149)

N/A

Increased coverage and quality of postnatal services (PN coverage and qual.)

233.9 (226.6, 241.1)

–96.7 (–107.1, –86.3)

–29.3%

13,854 (13,432, 14,276)

–5687 (–6297, –5077)

–29.1%

548,956 (532,992, 564,920)

–246,913 (–270,748, –223,078)

–31.0%

Maximum availability of postnatal services (PN max).

191.7 (184.8, 198.7)

–138.9 (–149.8, –127.8)

–42.0%

11,359 (10,952, 11,766)

–8182 (–8822, –7542)

–41.9%

442,829 (426,546, 459,111)

–353,040 (–379,183, –326,896)

–44.4%

No postnatal services (PN min.)

391.2 (383.5, 399.0)

60.7 (50.6, 70.7)

18.4%

23,126 (22,627, 23,581)

3586 (3000, 4171)

18.4%

948,241 (924,914, 971,569)

152,373 (124,651, 180,096)

19.2%

Scenarios relating to all services:

Increased coverage and antenatal, postnatal services and improved availability of BEmONC interventions

(All services coverage)

277.6 (270.7, 284.6)

–52.9 (–63.8, –42.0)

–16.0%

16,450 (16,018, 16,883)

–3091 (–3744, –2437)

–15.8%

662,468 (643,887, 681,049)

–133,400 (–163,950, –102,851)

–16.8%

Increased coverage and quality of antenatal, postnatal services, and improved availability of CEmONC interventions (All services coverage and qual.)

176.4 (170.8, 181.9)

154.2 (–162.7, –145.6)

–46.6%

10,452 (10,122, 10,781)

–9089 (–9605, –8573)

–46.5%

403,699 (387,415, 419,984)

–392,169 (–415,351, –368,988)

–49.3%

Maximum availability of antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal services (All services max.)

120.0 (114.8, 125.2)

–210.5 (–220.0, –201.1)

–63.7%

7113 (6806, 7421)

–12,427 (–12,983, –11,872)

–63.6%

261,359 (251,506, 271,213)

–534,509 (–556,750, –512,267)

–67.2%

No availability of antenatal, intrapartum, and postnatal services (All services min.)

501.8 (493.0, 510.7)

171.3 (161.2, 181.4)

51.8%

29,642 (29,108, 30,175)

10,101 (9514, 10,688)

51.7%

1,233,184 (1,210,792, 1,255,576)

437,316 (410,491, 464,141)

55.0%

^aPercentage difference from the SQ is only presented for those scenarios in which the 95% confidence interval does not contain 0.