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Load versus displacement in four-point bending tests for stems of six species of chaparral shrubs. The graphs on the left show the entire test for representative stems; the graphs on the right are a close-up of the earlier part of the bending tests. The slope of the initial, linear portion of the function (F/V) is used to calculate flexural stiffness and MOE, whereas the maximum load (Fmax) is used to calculate the MOR.
