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. 2025 Apr 18;33(5):1033–1054. doi: 10.32604/or.2024.058256

Table 3. NcRNAs inhibiting tumor immune escape and their mechanisms of action.

NcRNAs Location Mechanisms Functions Reference
MiR-17-5 NSCLC cells Down-regulate 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase (PFKFB3) expression, which is positively correlated with PD-1/PD-L1 expression Down-regulate PD-1/PD-L1 expression to inhibit tumor immune escape [91]
MiR-197 NSCLC cells Inhibit STAT3 phosphorylation, the activation of STAT3 is positively correlated with PD-L1 expression Down-regulate PD-L1 expression to inhibit tumor immune escape [92]
MiR-4458 NSCLC cells Directly target STAT3 Down-regulate PD-L1 expression to inhibit tumor immune escape [93]
MiR-197 NSCLC cells Negatively regulate the target CKS1B to down-regulate STAT3 expression Down-regulate PD-L1 expression to inhibit tumor immune escape [94]
MiR-155-5p NSCLC cells Directly bind to the PD-L1 3’UTR Down-regulate PD-L1 expression to inhibit tumor immune escape [95]
MiR-140 NSCLC cells Directly bind to the PD-L1 3’UTR Down-regulate PD-L1 expression to inhibit tumor immune escape [96]
MiR-20b-5p Lung cancer cells Directly bind to the PD-L1 3’UTR Down-regulate PD-L1 expression to inhibit tumor immune escape [97]
MiR-let-7 Lung cancer cells Directly bind to the PD-1/PD-L1 3’UTR Down-regulate PD-1/PD-L1 expression to inhibit tumor immune escape [98,99]
MiR-138-5p NSCLC cells Directly bind to the PD-L1 3’UTR Down-regulate PD-L1 expression to inhibit tumor immune escape [100]
MiR-200c NSCLC cells Directly bind to the PD-L1 3’UTR Down-regulate PD-L1 expression to inhibit tumor immune escape [100]
MiR-142-5p NSCLC cells Directly bind to the PD-L1 3’UTR Down-regulate PD-L1 expression to inhibit tumor immune escape [84]
MiR-377-3p Cytoplasm of lung cancer cells Directly bind to the PD-L1 3’UTR Down-regulate PD-L1 expression to inhibit tumor immune escape [88]
MiR-34 NSCLC cells Directly bind to the PD-L1 3’UTR Down-regulate PD-L1 expression to inhibit tumor immune escape [101]
MiR-200 NSCLC cells Inhibit ZEB1 expression, which is positively correlated with PD-L1 expression Down-regulate PD-L1 expression to inhibit tumor immune escape [102]
LncR-02418 NSCLC cells Facilitate TRIM-21-mediated ubiquitination of PD-L1 Down-regulate PD-L1 expression to inhibit tumor immune escape [103]
LncR-NKX2-AS1 Lung cancer cells Negatively regulate the transcriptional activity of the PD-L1 promoter Down-regulate PD-L1 expression to inhibit tumor immune escape [104]