Table 3.
Binary logistic regression for bullying and cyberbullying aggression (1 = never - 5 = more than once/week) according to categorized indicators (high vs. low) of cognitive and metacognitive learning strategies in adolescent boys and girls.
| Boys (602) | Girls (649) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | N | p | OR | 95% CI | N | p | OR | 95% CI | |
| Bullying aggression | |||||||||
| Rehearsal | High | 238 | 1 | Referent | 376 | 1 | Referent | ||
| Low | 364 | 0.111 | 1.268 | 0.947–1.698 | 273 | <0.001 | 1.777 | 1.325–2.383 | |
| Elaboration | High | 251 | 1 | Referent | 360 | 1 | Referent | ||
| Low | 351 | 0.913 | 1.015 | 0.773–1.334 | 289 | <0.001 | 1.787 | 1.325–2.411 | |
| Organization | High | 204 | 1 | Referent | 394 | 1 | Referent | ||
| Low | 398 | 0.420 | 1.124 | 0.846–1.493 | 255 | 0.182 | 1.208 | 0.915–1.593 | |
| Critical thinking | High | 384 | 1 | Referent | 324 | 1 | Referent | ||
| Low | 318 | 0.945 | 1.010 | 0.770–1.323 | 325 | 0.049 | 1.329 | 1.001–1.763 | |
| Metacognitive self-regulation | High | 235 | 1 | Referent | 364 | 1 | Referent | ||
| Low | 354 | 0.024 | 1.408 | 1.045–1.897 | 267 | 0.001 | 1.635 | 1.207–2.215 | |
| Overall strategies | High | 262 | 1 | Referent | 392 | 1 | Referent | ||
| Low | 340 | 0.028 | 1.388 | 1.036–1.860 | 257 | <0.001 | 1.768 | 1.319–2.369 | |
| Cyberbullying aggression | |||||||||
| Rehearsal | High | 238 | 1 | Referent | 376 | 1 | Referent | ||
| Low | 364 | 0.020 | 1.801 | 1.095–2.960 | 273 | <0.001 | 2.325 | 1.475–3.664 | |
| Elaboration | High | 251 | 1 | Referent | 360 | 1 | Referent | ||
| Low | 351 | 0.460 | 1.174 | 0.766–1.800 | 289 | <0.001 | 2.571 | 1.584–4.172 | |
| Organization | High | 204 | 1 | Referent | 394 | 1 | Referent | ||
| Low | 398 | 0.663 | 1.104 | 0.708–1.722 | 255 | 0.333 | 1.211 | 0.822–1.783 | |
| Critical thinking | High | 284 | 1 | Referent | 324 | 1 | Referent | ||
| Low | 318 | 0.178 | 1.344 | 0.874–2.066 | 325 | 0.029 | 1.616 | 1.049–2.489 | |
| Metacognitive self-regulation | High | 235 | 1 | Referent | 364 | 1 | Referent | ||
| Low | 354 | 0.001 | 2.497 | 1.432–4.354 | 267 | <0.001 | 3.851 | 2.125–6.979 | |
| Overall strategies | High | 262 | 1 | Referent | 392 | 1 | Referent | ||
| Low | 340 | 0.001 | 2.549 | 1.499–4.332 | 257 | <0.001 | 2.489 | 1.552–3.992 | |
OR: odds ratio, CI: confidence interval. OR was adjusted for age, BMI (body mass index), maternal education and weekly physical activity. Bold values indicate statistically significant results at p < 0.05.