Table 2.
Distribution of empowerment scale response items
| Item |
1. Strongly Agree N (%) |
2. Agree N (%) |
3. Disagree N (%) |
4. Strongly Disagree N (%) |
Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| E1. I can pretty much determine what will happen in my life.** | 21 (34.4) | 32 (52.5) | 6 (9.8) | 2 (3.3) | 61 |
| E2. People are only limited by what they think is possible. ** | 18 (29.5) | 29 (47.5) | 9 (14.8) | 5 (8.2) | 61 |
| E3. People have more power if they join together as a group. ** | 46 (75.4) | 14 (23.0) | 1 (1.6) | 0 | 61 |
| E4. Getting angry about something never helps | 42 (68.9) | 11 (18.0) | 8 (13.1) | 0 | 61 |
| E5. I have a positive attitude toward myself. ** | 29 (47.5) | 24 (39.3) | 7 (11.5) | 1 (1.6) | 61 |
| E6. I am usually confident about the decisions I make. ** | 26 (42.6) | 23 (37.7) | 10 (16.4) | 2 (3.3) | 61 |
| E7. People have no right to get angry just because they don't like something | 18 (30.0) | 21 (35.0) | 12 (20.0) | 9 (15.0) | 60 |
| E8. Most of the misfortunes in my life were due to bad luck | 27 (45.0) | 19 (31.7) | 3 (5.0) | 11 (18.3) | 60 |
| E9. I see myself as a capable person. ** | 21 (34.4) | 28 (45.9) | 9 (14.8) | 3 (4.9) | 61 |
| E10. Making waves never gets you anywhere | 44 (72.1) | 14 (23.0) | 3 (4.92) | 0 | 61 |
| E11. People working together can have an effect on their community. ** | 44 (72.1) | 17 (27.9) | 0 | 0 | 61 |
| E12. I am often able to overcome barriers. ** | 20 (32.8) | 21 (34.4) | 15 (24.6) | 5 (8.2) | 61 |
| E13. I am generally optimistic about the future. ** | 27 (44.3) | 23 (37.7) | 9 (14.8) | 2 (3.3) | 61 |
| E14. When I make plans, I am almost certain to make them work. ** | 12 (19.7) | 30 (49.2) | 15 (24.6) | 4 (6.6) | 61 |
| E15. Getting angry about something is often the first step toward changing it. ** | 24 (39.3) | 20 (32.8) | 11 (18.0) | 6 (9.8) | 61 |
| E16. Usually I feel alone | 15 (25.0) | 15 (25.0) | 12 (20.0) | 18 (30.0) | 60 |
| E17. Experts are in the best position to decide what people should do or learn | 40 (65.6) | 15 (24.6) | 3 (4.9) | 3 (4.9) | 61 |
| E18. I am able to do things as well as most other people. ** | 29 (47.5) | 25 (41.0) | 4 (6.6) | 3 (4.9) | 61 |
| E19. I generally accomplish what I set out to do. ** | 16 (26.2) | 26 (42.6) | 15 (24.6) | 4 (6.6) | 61 |
| E20. People should try to live their lives the way they want to. ** | 36 (59.0) | 23 (37.7) | 2 (3.3) | 0 | 61 |
| E21. You can't fight city hall | 27 (44.3) | 20 (32.8) | 11 (18.0) | 3 (4.9) | 61 |
| E22. I feel powerless most of the time | 11 (18.0) | 12 (19.7) | 18 (29.5) | 20 (32.8) | 61 |
| E23. When I am unsure about something, I usually go along with the rest of the group | 29 (47.5) | 23 (37.7) | 7 (11.5) | 2 (3.3) | 61 |
| E24. I feel I am a person of worth, at least on an equal basis with others | 33 (54.1) | 17 (27.9) | 7 (11.5) | 4 (6.6) | 61 |
| E25. People have the right to make their own decisions, even if they are bad ones.** | 20 (32.8) | 14 (23.0) | 8 (13.1) | 19 (31.2) | 61 |
| E26. I feel I have a number of good qualities. ** | 27 (44.3) | 24 (39.3) | 7 (11.5) | 3 (4.9) | 61 |
| E27. Very often a problem can be solved by taking action. ** | 37 (60.7) | 19 (31.1) | 3 (4.9) | 2 (3.3) | 61 |
| E28. Working with others in my community can help to change things for the better. ** | 44 (72.1) | 14 (23.0) | 3 (4.9) | 0 | 61 |
** = reversed items