Table 1.

Clinical demographics of study participants stratified by RA status

Characteristic	Overall N = 861	Control N = 501	Rheumatoid Arthritis N = 361	p-value2
Age	47 (21 – 62)	45 (23 – 62)	49 (21 – 62)	0.14
Clinic				0.001
Clinic 1	46 / 86 (53%)	34 / 50 (68%)	12 / 36 (33%)
Clinic 2	40 / 86 (47%)	16 / 50 (32%)	24 / 36 (67%)
Ethnicity				0.26
Asian	4 / 86 (4.7%)	3 / 50 (6.0%)	1 / 36 (2.8%)
Black or African American	21 / 86 (24%)	14 / 50 (28%)	7 / 36 (19%)
Hispanic/Latino	48 / 86 (56%)	23 / 50 (46%)	25 / 36 (69%)
Native American or Alaskan Native	1 / 86 (1.2%)	1 / 50 (2.0%)	0 / 36 (0%)
White	12 / 86 (14%)	9 / 50 (18%)	3 / 36 (8.3%)
Menopausal Status				0.49
Pre-menopause	35 / 86 (41%)	23 / 50 (46%)	12 / 36 (33%)
Peri/menopause	25 / 86 (29%)	13 / 50 (26%)	12 / 36 (33%)
Post-menopause	26 / 86 (30%)	14 / 50 (28%)	12 / 36 (33%)
Diet (Meat/Fat intake)				0.063
High	57 / 86 (66%)	29 / 50 (58%)	28 / 36 (78%)
Reduced	24 / 86 (28%)	16 / 50 (32%)	8 / 36 (22%)
Not disclosed	5 / 86 (5.8%)	5 / 50 (10%)	0 / 36 (0%)
Alcohol Consumption				0.14
Once daily	2 / 86 (2.3%)	2 / 50 (4.0%)	0 / 36 (0%)
Occasionally	20 / 86 (23%)	15 / 50 (30%)	5 / 36 (14%)
Rarely	19 / 86 (22%)	11 / 50 (22%)	8 / 36 (22%)
Not applicable	44 / 86 (51%)	21 / 50 (42%)	23 / 36 (64%)
Not disclosed	1 / 86 (1.2%)	1 / 50 (2.0%)	0 / 36 (0%)
Cigarette Smoking				0.94
Multiple times a day	1 / 86 (1.2%)	0 / 50 (0%)	1 / 36 (2.8%)
Occasionally	2 / 86 (2.3%)	1 / 50 (2.0%)	1 / 36 (2.8%)
Rarely	5 / 86 (5.8%)	3 / 50 (6.0%)	2 / 36 (5.6%)
Not applicable	77 / 86 (90%)	45 / 50 (90%)	32 / 36 (89%)
Not disclosed	1 / 86 (1.2%)	1 / 50 (2.0%)	0 / 36 (0%)
Education				0.16
Advanced degree	10 / 86 (12%)	5 / 50 (10%)	5 / 36 (14%)
College/University degree	24 / 86 (28%)	19 / 50 (38%)	5 / 36 (14%)
Some college	13 / 86 (15%)	7 / 50 (14%)	6 / 36 (17%)
High school	23 / 86 (27%)	11 / 50 (22%)	12 / 36 (33%)
Elementary/Middle school	15 / 86 (17%)	7 / 50 (14%)	8 / 36 (22%)
Not disclosed	1 / 86 (1.2%)	1 / 50 (2.0%)	0 / 36 (0%)
Lifetime Pregnancies				0.16
2+	59 / 86 (69%)	32 / 50 (64%)	27 / 36 (75%)
1	6 / 86 (7.0%)	2 / 50 (4.0%)	4 / 36 (11%)
0	18 / 86 (21%)	13 / 50 (26%)	5 / 36 (14%)
Not disclosed	3 / 86 (3.5%)	3 / 50 (6.0%)	0 / 36 (0%)
Lifetime Sexual partners				0.079
3+	34 / 86 (40%)	22 / 50 (44%)	12 / 36 (33%)
1 or 2	40 / 86 (47%)	18 / 50 (36%)	22 / 36 (61%)
0	8 / 86 (9.3%)	7 / 50 (14%)	1 / 36 (2.8%)
Not disclosed	4 / 86 (4.7%)	3 / 50 (6.0%)	1 / 36 (2.8%)
Sexually Active				0.40
Yes	56 / 86 (65%)	32 / 50 (64%)	24 / 36 (67%)
No	27 / 86 (31%)	15 / 50 (30%)	12 / 36 (33%)
Not disclosed	3 / 86 (3.5%)	3 / 50 (6.0%)	0 / 36 (0%)
Diabetes Status				0.26
T2D	10 / 86 (12%)	5 / 50 (10%)	5 / 36 (14%)
T1D	4 / 86 (4.7%)	1 / 50 (2.0%)	3 / 36 (8.3%)
Prediabetic	3 / 86 (3.5%)	3 / 50 (6.0%)	0 / 36 (0%)
None	69 / 86 (80%)	41 / 50 (82%)	28 / 36 (78%)
Urogenital Symptoms				0.052
Yes	33 / 86 (38%)	20 / 50 (40%)	13 / 36 (36%)
No	43 / 86 (50%)	21 / 50 (42%)	22 / 36 (61%)
Not disclosed	10 / 86 (12%)	9 / 50 (18%)	1 / 36 (2.8%)
Antibiotic Use				0.030
Yes	21 / 86 (24%)	7 / 50 (14%)	14 / 36 (39%)
No	53 / 86 (62%)	35 / 50 (70%)	18 / 36 (50%)
Not disclosed	12 / 86 (14%)	8 / 50 (16%)	4 / 36 (11%)
CST				0.76
I	18 / 86 (21%)	12 / 50 (24%)	6 / 36 (17%)
II	4 / 86 (4.7%)	3 / 50 (6.0%)	1 / 36 (2.8%)
III	33 / 86 (38%)	19 / 50 (38%)	14 / 36 (39%)
IV-A	4 / 86 (4.7%)	2 / 50 (4.0%)	2 / 36 (5.6%)
IV-B	1 / 86 (1.2%)	0 / 50 (0%)	1 / 36 (2.8%)
IV-C	25 / 86 (29%)	14 / 50 (28%)	11 / 36 (31%)
V	1 / 86 (1.2%)	0 / 50 (0%)	1 / 36 (2.8%)

¹Median (range) or Frequency (%)

²Wilcoxon rank sum test; Pearson’s Chi-squared test; Fisher’s exact test