Table 1 |.
Pre-registered outcomes categorized as informed by hypotheses from the economic model of family investment and the family stress model
| Outcomes | Family investment | Family stress | Other | Data collection waves | Outcome groups used for multiple hypothesis testing |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal and family focused | |||||
| Household poverty status | S | 1, 2, 3 | 1 | ||
| Maternal global happiness | S | 1, 2, 3 | 5 | ||
| Maternal agency (HOPE scale) | S | 1, 2, 3 | 5 | ||
| Number of benefits (social services) received by mother | S | 1, 2, 3 | 2 | ||
| Mother’s education and training participation and attainment | S | 1, 2, 3 | 3 | ||
| Index of child-focused expenditures (since birth) | S | 1, 2, 3 | 4 | ||
| Index of child-focused expenditures (in past 30 days) | S | 1, 2, 3 | 4 | ||
| Cost of paid childcare last week | S | 1, 2, 3 | 4 | ||
| Use of centre-based care in last year | S | 1 | 4 | ||
| Use of centre-based care in last week | S | 2, 3 | 4 | ||
| Parent-child activities index | S | S | 1, 2, 3 | 6 | |
| Index of food insecurity | S | 1, 2, 3 | 1 | ||
| Index of economic stress | S | 1, 2, 3 | 1 | ||
| Maternal perceived stress | S | 1, 2, 3 | |||
| Maternal parenting stress | S | 1, 2 | |||
| Physiological stress (maternal hair cortisol) | S | 1 | |||
| Maternal depression (PHQ-8) | S | 1, 2, 3 | |||
| Maternal anxiety (GAD-7) | S | 2, 3 | |||
| Maternal anxiety (Beck) | S | 1, 3 | |||
| Physical abuse | S | 1,2 | |||
| Frequency of arguing | S | 1,2 | |||
| Romantic relationship quality | S | 1, 2, 3 | |||
| Spanking discipline strategy | S | 1, 2, 3 | |||
| Mother’s positive parenting behaviours (PICCOLO) | S | ||||
| Mother’s time to labour market re-entry from birth | S | 1 | 3 | ||
| Mother’s time to full-time labour market re-entry from birth | S | 1 | 3 | ||
| Index of perceptions of neighbourhood safety | S | 1, 2, 3 | |||
| Index of housing quality | S | 1 | |||
| Homelessness | S | 1, 2, 3 | |||
| Excessive residential mobility | S | 1, 2, 3 | |||
| Neighbourhood poverty | S | 1, 2, 3 | |||
| Alcohol and cigarette use | S | 1, 3 | |||
| Opioid use | S | 1, 3 | |||
| Index of chaos in the home | S | 1, 2 | |||
| Maternal global health | S | 1, 2 | |||
| Maternal sleep | S | 1, 3 | |||
| Adult word count (LENA) | S | 1 | |||
| Conversational turns (LENA) | S | 1 | |||
| Child focused | |||||
| Maternal concern for language delay | P | 1 | |||
| Socio-emotional problems (BITSEA) | S | 1, 2 | |||
| Behaviour/emotional problems | P | 3 | |||
| Maternal concern for behavioural and social-emotional problems | P | 3 | |||
| Age 1 resting brain function | S | 1 | |||
| Sleep problemsa | P, S | 1, 2, 3 | |||
| Index of overall healtha | P, S | 1, 2, 3 | |||
| Consumption of healthy foods | S | 2 | |||
| Consumption of unhealthy foods | S | 2 | |||
| Parents’ Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS) | S | 3 | |||
| Total ‘predictive concerns’ in the PEDS | S | 3 | |||
a
Registered as secondary outcome in waves 1 and 2, and as primary outcome in wave 3. ‘P’ denotes primary outcomes and ‘S’ denotes secondary outcomes. HOPE, Adult Hope Scale; PHQ, Personal Health Questionnaire Depression scale; GAD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale; PICCOLO, Parenting Interactions with Children: Checklist of Observations Linked to Outcomes; LENA, Language Environment Analysis; BITSEA, Brief Infant-Toddler Social-Emotional Assessment.