Table 3 |.
Baseline balance by high and low cash gift groups: full sample (n = 1,000)
| Low-cash gift | High-cash gift | s.d. mean difference | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean (s.d.) or proportion | N | Mean (s.d.) or proportion | N | Hedges’ g | Cox’s index | P value | |
| Child is female | 0.502 | 600 | 0.477 | 400 | −0.05 | 0.458 | |
| Child weight at birth (pounds) | 7.1 (1.08) | 599 | 7.1 (1.01) | 399 | −0.04 | 0.572 | |
| Child gestational age (weeks) | 39.1 (1.25) | 596 | 39.0 (1.24) | 399 | −0.04 | 0.512 | |
| Mother age at birth (years) | 26.8 (5.82) | 600 | 27.4 (5.86) | 400 | 0.10 | 0.113 | |
| Mother education (years) | 11.9 (2.83) | 593 | 11.9 (2.96) | 398 | −0.00 | 0.978 | |
| Mother race/ethnicity: white, non-Hispanic | 0.112 | 600 | 0.085 | 400 | −0.13 | 0.128 | |
| Mother race/ethnicity: Black, non-Hispanic | 0.395 | 600 | 0.443 | 400 | 0.10 | 0.091 | |
| Mother race/ethnicity: multiple, non-Hispanic | 0.040 | 600 | 0.030 | 400 | −0.18 | 0.369 | |
| Mother race/ethnicity: other or unknown | 0.048 | 600 | 0.028 | 400 | −0.32 | 0.066 | |
| Mother race/ethnicity: Hispanic | 0.405 | 600 | 0.415 | 400 | 0.00 | 0.594 | |
| Mother marital status: never married | 0.425 | 600 | 0.495 | 400 | 0.17 | 0.024 | |
| Mother marital status: single, living with partner | 0.260 | 600 | 0.217 | 400 | −0.13 | 0.119 | |
| Mother marital status: married | 0.208 | 600 | 0.215 | 400 | 0.00 | 0.791 | |
| Mother marital status: divorced/separated | 0.050 | 600 | 0.028 | 400 | −0.32 | 0.064 | |
| Mother marital status: other or unknown | 0.057 | 600 | 0.045 | 400 | −0.26 | 0.400 | |
| Mother health is good or better | 0.878 | 600 | 0.917 | 400 | 0.27 | 0.041 | |
| Mother depression (CESD) | 0.7 (0.45) | 600 | 0.7 (0.46) | 400 | 0.02 | 0.805 | |
| Cigarettes per week during pregnancy | 5.0 (21.17) | 595 | 3.5 (11.76) | 397 | −0.09 | 0.111 | |
| Alcohol drinks per week during pregnancy | 0.2 (1.63) | 598 | 0.0 (0.39) | 399 | −0.11 | 0.052 | |
| Number of children born to mother | 2.4 (1.38) | 600 | 2.5 (1.41) | 400 | 0.09 | 0.146 | |
| Number of adults in household | 2.1 (1.00) | 600 | 2.0 (0.96) | 400 | −0.09 | 0.156 | |
| Biological father lives in household | 0.397 | 600 | 0.352 | 400 | −0.13 | 0.154 | |
| Household combined income | 22,465.84 (21,359.96) | 562 | 20,918.15 (16,145.53) | 370 | −0.08 | 0.219 | |
| Household income unknown | 0.063 | 600 | 0.075 | 400 | 0.10 | 0.482 | |
| Household net worth | −1,980.63 (28,640.19) | 531 | −3,308.22 (20,323.38) | 358 | −0.05 | 0.423 | |
| Household net worth unknown | 0.115 | 600 | 0.105 | 400 | −0.12 | 0.644 | |
| Joint test: x2(30)=33.28, P=0.226, n=1,000. | |||||||
P values were derived from a series of ordinary least squares bivariate regressions in which each respective baseline characteristic was regressed on the treatment status indicator using robust standard errors and site-level fixed effects. The bivariate regressions were also run without site-level fixed effects, and the P values differed on average by 0.011. The P values without fixed effects do not appear in the table. The joint test of orthogonality was conducted using a probit model with robust standard errors and site-level fixed effects. Standardized mean differences were calculated using Hedges’ g for continuous variables and Cox’s index for dichotomous variables. If there were more than ten missing cases for a covariate, missing data dummies were included in the table and the joint test. If fewer than ten cases were missing, missing data dummies were not included in the table but were included in the joint test. CESD, Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression.