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. 2025 Jan 31;9(3):399–413. doi: 10.1007/s41669-025-00559-1

Table 2.

The characteristics of participants

Participant characteristics Included (N = 438)
Age (years)
 Median (range) 25 (18–80)
Gender
 Female 174 (39.73%)
 Male 264 (60.27%)
Ethnicity
 Han 415 (94.75%)
 Others 23 (5.25%)
Region
 Urban areas 324 (73.97%)
 Rural areas 114 (26.03%)
Marital status
 Single 271 (61.87%)
 Married 156 (35.62%)
 Divorced/widowed 11 (2.51%)
Educational attainment
 Middle school and below 70 (15.98%)
 High school 37 (8.45%)
 College 232 (52.97%)
Masters and above 99 (22.60%)
Average monthly income (Chinese Yuan [CNY])
 < 3000 266 (60.73%)
 3000–5999 97 (22.15%)
 6000–9999 58 (13.24%)
 ≥ 10,000 17 (3.88%)
Health insurance
 With 402 (91.78%)
 Without 36 (8.22%)
Health state (within 1 week)
 Excellent 82 (18.72%)
 Great 99 (22.60%)
 Good 194 (44.29%)
 Normal/poor 63 (14.38%)
Chronic disease
 With 43 (9.82%)
 Without 395 (90.18%)
Number of COVID infections
 0 98 (22.37%)
 1 307 (70.09%)
 2 30 (6.85%)
 3 3 (0.68%)
Doses of COVID-19 vaccine
 0 18 (4.11%)
 1 dose 7 (1.60%)
 2 doses 61 (13.93%)
 3 doses 343 (78.31%)
 4 doses 9 (2.05%)
COVID-19 virus is a low threat to me
 Strongly agree 21 (4.79%)
 Agree 16 (3.65%)
 Not sure 98 (22.37%)
 Disagree 109 (24.89%)
 Strongly disagree 194 (44.29%)
COVID-19 virus is a low threat to my family/friends
 Strongly agree 17 (3.88%)
 Agree 14 (3.20%)
 Not sure 92 (21.00%)
 Disagree 112 (25.57%)
 Strongly disagree 203 (46.35%)
Attitude to get COVID-19 vaccination
 Vaccinated 144 (32.88%)
 Willingness to uptake 183 (41.78%)
 Delay to uptake 50 (11.42%)
 Unwillingness to uptake 54 (12.33%)
 Refuse to uptake 7 (1.6%)