Skip to main content
. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2025 Apr 29.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Int. 2025 Apr 6;198:109433. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2025.109433

Table 4.

Associations between maternal plasma PFAS levels after delivery and inversely normalized measles VARscore during early childhood in 348 post-vaccination children, stratified by infant feeding modality.

PFAS Exclusively Formula-fed (N = 72) Any breastfeda (N = 272) P for interaction PFAS × Feeding
(log2-transformed) Beta ± SE P Beta ± SE P
Me-PFOSA-AcOH −0.08 ± 0.09 0.392 −0.08 ± 0.04 0.055 0.885
PFDeA −0.06 ± 0.15 0.702 0.04 ± 0.05 0.433 0.390
PFHpS −0.19 ± 0.11 0.097 −0.07 ± 0.05 0.198 0.229
PFHxS −0.18 ± 0.09 0.053 −0.07 ± 0.04 0.128 0.107
PFNA −0.10 ± 0.19 0.590 0.08 ± 0.06 0.211 0.174
PFOA −0.19 ± 0.12 0.097 −0.06 ± 0.06 0.418 0.184
PFOS −0.33 ± 0.14 0.017 −0.04 ± 0.06 0.450 0.041
PFUnA 0.07 ± 0.11 0.562 −0.03 ± 0.04 0.483 0.411
PFAS burden score −0.35 ± 0.21 0.104 −0.01 ± 0.09 0.936 0.053

Adjusted for maternal race and ethnicity, maternal age at delivery, maternal smoking during pregnancy, delivery type, sex, preterm birth and years since last vaccination

a

This group included “both formula-fed and breast-fed” and “exclusively breast-fed” children. Four children with missing data on feeding modality were excluded from this analysis.