Skip to main content
Genetics logoLink to Genetics
. 1990 Apr;124(4):957–966. doi: 10.1093/genetics/124.4.957

Molecular Cloning and Genetic Mapping of the T Complex Responder Candidate Gene Family

D C Bullard 1, J C Schimenti 1
PMCID: PMC1203986  PMID: 2323558

Abstract

Male transmission ratio distortion (TRD) is a property of mouse t haplotypes requiring the t complex responder locus (Tcr). Tcr maps to the central region of t haplotypes, and is embedded within a series of large duplicated tracts of DNA known as ``T66 elements.'' In previous work, a family of genes (the ``T66'' genes) was identified within this region that encodes male germ cell-specific transcripts. Genetic and molecular data indicate that one of these genes represents Tcr. Here, we describe the molecular cloning of the four members of the T66 gene family, the genetic mapping of these genes to three adjacent t haplotype loci, and comparative restriction enzyme analysis of the genes. The results indicate that these genes are highly similar to one another, and were created by recent, complex duplication events. This suggests that a minor alteration(s) could have been responsible for conferring ``mutant'' responder activity upon Tcr, while the other homologs retained ``wild-type'' biochemical function. In addition, we have identified and mapped three T66 genes in wild-type t complexes. They reside in two separate loci at the opposite ends of the proximal t complex inversion, and are separated by at least 3 cM.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (4.9 MB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Artzt K., Shin H. S., Bennett D. Gene mapping within the T/t complex of the mouse. II. Anomalous position of the H-2 complex in t haplotypes. Cell. 1982 Mar;28(3):471–476. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90201-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Blin N., Stafford D. W. A general method for isolation of high molecular weight DNA from eukaryotes. Nucleic Acids Res. 1976 Sep;3(9):2303–2308. doi: 10.1093/nar/3.9.2303. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Búcan M., Herrmann B. G., Frischauf A. M., Bautch V. L., Bode V., Silver L. M., Martin G. R., Lehrach H. Deletion and duplication of DNA sequences is associated with the embryonic lethal phenotype of the t9 complementation group of the mouse t complex. Genes Dev. 1987 Jun;1(4):376–385. doi: 10.1101/gad.1.4.376. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Church G. M., Gilbert W. Genomic sequencing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Apr;81(7):1991–1995. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.7.1991. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dunn L C, Suckling J. Studies of the Genetic Variability in Wild Populations of House Mice. I. Analysis of Seven Alleles at Locus T. Genetics. 1956 May;41(3):344–352. doi: 10.1093/genetics/41.3.344. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dunn L. C., Bennett D. A new case of transmission ratio distortion in the house mouse. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1968 Oct;61(2):570–573. doi: 10.1073/pnas.61.2.570. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dunn L. C., Bennett D. Further studies of a mutation (Low) which distorts transmission ratios in the house mouse. Genetics. 1971 Apr;67(4):543–558. doi: 10.1093/genetics/67.4.543. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Feinberg A. P., Vogelstein B. "A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity". Addendum. Anal Biochem. 1984 Feb;137(1):266–267. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(84)90381-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Fox H. S., Martin G. R., Lyon M. F., Herrmann B., Frischauf A. M., Lehrach H., Silver L. M. Molecular probes define different regions of the mouse t complex. Cell. 1985 Jan;40(1):63–69. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90309-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Hammer M. F., Schimenti J., Silver L. M. Evolution of mouse chromosome 17 and the origin of inversions associated with t haplotypes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 May;86(9):3261–3265. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.9.3261. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Herrmann B. G., Barlow D. P., Lehrach H. A large inverted duplication allows homologous recombination between chromosomes heterozygous for the proximal t complex inversion. Cell. 1987 Mar 13;48(5):813–825. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90078-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Herrmann B., Bućan M., Mains P. E., Frischauf A. M., Silver L. M., Lehrach H. Genetic analysis of the proximal portion of the mouse t complex: evidence for a second inversion within t haplotypes. Cell. 1986 Feb 14;44(3):469–476. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90468-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Lyon M. F. Male sterility of the mouse t-complex is due to homozygosity of the distorter genes. Cell. 1986 Jan 31;44(2):357–363. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(86)90770-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Lyon M. F. Transmission ratio distortion in mouse t-haplotypes is due to multiple distorter genes acting on a responder locus. Cell. 1984 Jun;37(2):621–628. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90393-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Lyon M. F., Zenthon J. Differences in or near the responder region of complete and partial mouse t-haplotypes. Genet Res. 1987 Aug;50(1):29–34. doi: 10.1017/s0016672300023302. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Schimenti J., Cebra-Thomas J. A., Decker C. L., Islam S. D., Pilder S. H., Silver L. M. A candidate gene family for the mouse t complex responder (Tcr) locus responsible for haploid effects on sperm function. Cell. 1988 Oct 7;55(1):71–78. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(88)90010-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Schimenti J., Silver L. M. Amplification and rearrangement of DNA sequences during the evolutionary divergence of t haplotypes and wild-type forms of mouse chromosome 17. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 1986;127:247–252. doi: 10.1007/978-3-642-71304-0_28. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Schimenti J., Vold L., Socolow D., Silver L. M. An unstable family of large DNA elements in the center of the mouse t complex. J Mol Biol. 1987 Apr 20;194(4):583–594. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(87)90235-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Silver L. M. A structural gene (Tcp-1) within the mouse t complex is separable from effects on tail length and lethality but may be associated with effects on spermatogenesis. Genet Res. 1981 Oct;38(2):115–123. doi: 10.1017/s0016672300020474. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Silver L. M., Hammer M., Fox H., Garrels J., Bucan M., Herrmann B., Frischauf A. M., Lehrach H., Winking H., Figueroa F. Molecular evidence for the rapid propagation of mouse t haplotypes from a single, recent, ancestral chromosome. Mol Biol Evol. 1987 Sep;4(5):473–482. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a040457. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Silver L. M. Mouse t haplotypes. Annu Rev Genet. 1985;19:179–208. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.19.120185.001143. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Silver L. M., Remis D. Five of the nine genetically defined regions of mouse t haplotypes are involved in transmission ratio distortion. Genet Res. 1987 Feb;49(1):51–56. doi: 10.1017/s0016672300026720. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Silver L. M., White M., Artzt K. Evidence for unequal crossing over within the mouse T/t complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Oct;77(10):6077–6080. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.10.6077. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Genetics are provided here courtesy of Oxford University Press

RESOURCES