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. 2025 Mar 25;6(1):315–324. doi: 10.1089/whr.2024.0153

Table 3.

Comparisons of Larger (>10 cm) (n = 59) vs. Smaller (≤10 cm) Tumors (n = 29)

Parameter Tumor group Sig.
Smaller Larger
Categorical N % N %  
Presence of ascites 12 41.4 47 79.7 <0.001
Lateralitya         1.00
 Right 17 58.6 36 61  
 Left 11 37.9 22 37.3  
 Bilateral 1 3.4 1 1.7  
Cystic changes 14 48.3 43 72.9 0.023
Borderb         0.004
 Regular smooth 29 100 46 78  
 Lobulated 0 0 13 22  
Echogenicity (US)a         0.003
 Hypoechoic 21 72.4 20 35.1  
 Isoechoic 7 24.1 25 43.9  
 Mixed hyperechoic 1 3.4 12 21.1  
Vascularity (US)a         0.461
 No 11 37.9 14 23.7  
 Mild 17 58.6 42 71.2  
 Moderate 1 3.4 2 3.4  
 Marked 0 0 1 1.7  
MRI T2 signal intensitya (n = 37)         0.074
 Hypointense 5 35.7 5 21.7  
 Intermediate/isointense 9 64.3 11 47.8  
 Mixed hyperintense 0 0 7 30.4  
MRI postcontrast enhancementa (n = 37)         0.620
 Mild 13 92.9 22 95.7  
 Moderate 1 7.1 0 0  
 Marked 0 0 1 4.3  
DWI signal intensitya (n = 37)         0.043
 Low 6 42.9 2 8.7  
 Intermediate 8 57.1 19 82.6  
 High 0 0 2 8.7  
CT enhancementa         0.207
 No 12 41.4 15 25.4  
 Mild 17 58.6 43 72.9  
 Moderate 0 0 1 1.7  
Clinical presentation          
 Abdominal enlargementb 0 0 6 10.2 0.172
 Abnormal uterine bleedingb 1 3.4 0 0 0.330
 Asymptomaticb 3 10.3 0 0 0.033
 Pelvic-abdominal painb 25 86.2 54 91.5 0.469
 Abdominal 8 32 11 20.4 0.272
 Pelvic 17 68 43 79.6  
Surgical technique         0.039
 Open 25 86.2 58 98.3  
 Laparoscopic 4 13.8 1 1.7  
Surgery type         0.075
 Salpingo-oophorectomy 21 72.4 31 52.5  
 TAH/BSO 8 27.6 28 47.5  
Associated endometrial hyperplasiab 2 6.9 8 13.6 0.487
Associated uterine leiomyomab 0 0 2 3.4 1.00
Associated adenomyosisb 0 0 4 6.8 0.298
Associated atrophic endometriumb 1 3.4 1 1.7 1.00
Numerical Median Q1–Q3 Median Q1–Q3 Sig.
Age (years) 55 46–60.5 55 50–62 0.631
CA 125 25 12.8–89.5 129.4 56.3–313 <0.001
CA 19-9 7.63 3.25–9.63 10.4 4.3–23.8 0.187
CEA 1 1–1.6 1.6 1–2.4 0.184

Bold values indicate significant p values.

Q1–Q3, 25th–75th percentiles; Sig., significance (p-value). The tests of significance for categorical data are chi-square test, Fisher’s exact test, and Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test. The test of significance for numerical data is Mann-Whitney U test.

aFisher-Freeman-Halton exact test.

bFisher’s exact test.