Doctor’s total treatment time.

	Physician + physician (n = 190)			NP + physician (n = 264)			p value
	Mean	SD	Median	Mean	SD	Median
Treatment time (min)	190.64	101.62	175.00	72.70	38.04	66.00	<0.001

Statistical intergroup comparisons were made using the Mann–Whitney U-test. Cases with blanks in the medical record were excluded.

n, number of procedures; NP, nurse practitioner; NP + physician group, NPs acted as the first assistant alongside a physician; physician + physician group, 2 physicians performed the procedure; SD, standard deviation