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. 2025 Apr 16;15:1523507. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2025.1523507

Table 3.

The diagnostic efficacy of 5 machine learning models in the training set and validation set.

Index AUC* Accuracy Sensitivity Specificity Precision Recall F1
Training set DT 1 (0.99, 1.00) 0.96 0.76 0.66 0.85 0.86 0.81
Logistic 0.92 (0.90, 0.95) 0.86 0.84 0.89 0.78 0.75 0.77
XGBoost 1 (0.99, 1.00) 0.97 0.82 0.79 0.91 0.89 0.87
KNN 0.93 (0.92, 0.95) 0.86 0.88 0.75 0.75 0.46 0.62
NB 0.91 (0.90, 0.93) 0.83 0.70 0.56 0.69 0.56 0.62
Validation set DT 0.79 (0.78, 0.81) 0.80 0.83 0.62 0.53 0.45 0.48
Logistic 0.93 (0.91, 0.94) 0.87 0.88 0.86 0.76 0.75 0.67
XGBoost 0.91 (0.90, 0.92) 0.80 0.87 0.79 0.58 0.58 0.58
KNN 0.92 (0.90, 0.93) 0.83 0.86 0.71 0.75 0.38 0.52
NB 0.89 (0.87, 0.90) 0.82 0.61 0.51 0.61 0.45 0.51

*Data in parentheses are 95% confidence intervals.