Table 2.
The basic characteristics of included studies on swallowing function intervention (n = 7).
| Author | Year of publication | Research design | Research setting | DoC types | Disease diagnosis | Sample/cases | Intervention method | Swallowing function outcome | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Implementer | Intervention content | Time | |||||||||
| Control group | Experimental group | ||||||||||
| Wu et al. (2016) | 2016 | Quasi-experiment | China | Coma | Stroke | 93 | Nurse | 4 | 1 | — | The swallowing frequency |
| Zhang et al. (2017) | 2017 | Experiment study | China | MCS | Stroke/trauma | 30 | Physical therapist | 1 + 2 | 1 + 2 + 3 | Four weeks | KDT |
| Jakobsen et al. (2019) | 2019 | Experiment study | Denmark | Coma | Trauma | 19 | Physical therapist | — | 7 | Three weeks | PAS FOIS SEMG |
| Zhang C. H. et al. (2021) | 2021 | Quasi-experiment | China | Coma | Stroke/trauma | 60 | Nurse /patient’s family | 1 | 1 + 6 | Four weeks | MMASA |
| Zhang et al. (2023) | 2023 | Quasi-experiment | China | MCS | Stroke/trauma | 60 | Physical therapist /nurse | 1 + 2 + 3 | 1 + 2 + 3 | Four weeks | KDT |
| Theytaz et al. (2023) | 2023 | Quasi-experiment | Swiss | UWS MCS | Stroke/trauma | 28 | Physical therapist | 8 | 9 | Eighteen months | SEMG |
| Wang et al. (2023) | 2023 | Quasi-experiment | China | Coma | — | 63 | Physical therapist | 1 | 1 + 2 1 + 2 + 3 | Four weeks | KDT SSA |
DoC, disorders of consciousness; MCS, minimally conscious state; UWS, unresponsive wakefulness syndrome; KDT, Kubota Drinking Test; PAS, Penetration Aspiration Score; FOIS, Functional Oral Intake Scale; MMASA, Modified Mann Assessment of Swallowing Ability; SEMG, Surface Electromyography; SSA, Standardized Swallowing Assessment; 1, sensory stimulation therapy; 2, neuromuscular electrical stimulation therapy; 3, K-point stimulation; 4, oromotor exercises; 5, facial oral tract therapy; 6, intermittent ora-esophageal tube feeding; 7, nonverbal facilitation of swallowing; 8, palpation; 9, Nox-T3 device; —, not be described.