Table 5.

Results regarding the mechanism-of-impact factors for residents, informal carers, and formal carers in the photo activity (experimental) and general conversation (control) groups based on comparable questions from the semistructured interviews after the 4-week intervention.

Outcome variable				Experimental group	Control group					Difference tests									P valuea			Effect size
										Fisher exact test			Chi-square (df)			U						φ			r
Residents, n/N (%)
	Feeling heard: yes			26/29 (90)			24/29 (83)		—b			—			—			.49			—			—
	Felt better known by their carer									—			0.3c (1)			—			.60			−0.12			—
		A lot better or better	17/29 (59)			15/29 (52)
		A little better or not better	6/29 (21)			9/29 (31)
		Missing	6/29 (21)			5/29 (17)
	Experience of general conversation									—			—			533.0			.004			—			0.39
		Very nice	16/29 (55)			6/29 (21)
		Nice	11/29 (38)			15/29 (52)
		Somewhat nice	0/29 (0)			5/29 (17)
		Not nice	1/29 (3)			1/29 (3)
		Missing	1/29 (3)			2/29 (7)
Informal carers, n/N (%)										—			—			—			—			—			—
	Resident talked to them about the activity: yes			7/28 (25)			5/27 (19)
Formal carers										—			—			264.0			.20			—			.20
	Enjoyable for people with dementia in a nursing home (0-10), median (IQR)			8.00 (7-9)			8.00 (7-8)
	Knew resident better, n/N (%)									—			—			390.5			—			—			.30
		Yes, much better	9/23 (39)			4/27 (15)											.04
		Yes, a little better	11/23 (48)			17/27 (63)
		No, not better	2/23 (9)			6/27 (22)
		Missing	1/23 (4)			0/27 (0)
		Way of getting to know resident with dementia better (0-10), median (IQR)	9.00 (7-9)			8.00 (6-8)		—			—			419.0			.03			—			0.31

^aSignificance level set at P<.05.

^bNot applicable.

^cChi-square test with Yates continuity correction.