Table 3.

Preoperative considerations for cholecystectomy to prevent post cholecystectomy syndrome (PCS).

Reference	Assessment criteria	Indicators for surgery	Details
SECURE Trial (van Dijk et al., 2019) [49]	Age	>50 Years	Older patients are more likely to benefit.
	Pain characteristics	Must meet all criteria	Severe pain attacks, pain in epigastrium or right upper quadrant, pain lasting 15–30 minutes or longer, pain radiating to the back, positive pain response to simple analgesics.
SECURE/Success Trial (Latenstein et al., 2021) [51]	History of abdominal surgery	No prior abdominal surgery	Absence indicates higher probability of pain reduction.
	Nausea	Presence	Presence of nausea is associated with better postoperative outcomes.
	Heartburn	Absence	Absence of heartburn is associated with better postoperative outcomes.
PERFECT Trial (De Jong et al., 2022) [29]	FD/IBS criteria	Absence of FD/IBS	Assess for functional dyspepsia (FD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) using Rome IV criteria.