Table 2. Maximum isometric hip flexion torque and effect size for the non-CT and CT groups, pre-training and post-training.

	non-CT group		CT group
	Pre	Post	Pre	Post
0° (Nm/kg)	0.97 ± 0.19	1.50 ± 0.38*	0.97 ± 0.34	1.55 ± 0.49*
30° (Nm/kg)	1.11 ± 0.32	1.73 ± 0.52*	1.06 ± 0.23	1.58 ± 0.50*
60° (Nm/kg)	1.10 ± 0.32	1.66 ± 0.44*	1.09 ± 0.26	1.64 ± 0.56*
90° (Nm/kg)	1.21 ± 0.43	1.80 ± 0.33*	1.07 ± 0.30	1.55 ± 0.37*
105° (Nm/kg)	1.38 ± 0.38	1.90 ± 0.32*†	1.29 ± 0.44	1.59 ± 0.43*

*p<0.01, significantly different from Pre; ^†p<0.01, significantly different from CT group.

The non-CT group used the prototype machine; IH-01 (Ihara Kogyo Co., Aichi, Japan).

The CT group used the weight stack resistance machine; Multi-Hip (Takei Scientific Instruments Co., Niigata, Japan).

CT group: conventional training group; non-CT group: non-conventional training group; 0–105°: hip flexion angle; Pre: pre-training; Post: after four weeks of strength training.